5 Migration Guide A guide to migrating the basic software components on server and workstation computers Version 1.0 – July 2003 KBSt Publication Service ISSN 0179-7263 Volume 57 July 2003 KBSt Publication Series Volume 57 ISSN 0179 - 7263 Reprint, even in part, subject to approval This volume was prepared by the KBSt unit at the Federal Min- istry of the Interior in co-operation with the German Federal Office for Information Security, the Bundesverwaltungsamt (BVA) and C_sar Consulting, solutions and results AG. Editor: C_sar AG, Berlin If you are interested in publications by KBSt currently available or further informa- tion concerning the documents, please contact Bundesministerium des Innern Referat IT 2 (KBSt) 11014 Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 1888 681 - 2312 Fax.: +49 (0) 1888 681 - 523121 KBSt homepage: http://www.kbst.bund.de 1Frau Monika Pfeiffer (mailto: [email protected]) Migration Guide A guide to migrating the basic software components on server and workstation computers Version 1.0 July 2003 Published by the Federal Ministry of the Interior CONTENTS 1 Introduction .................................................................... 8 1.1 About the project 8 1.2 About this guide 9 1.3 How to use this guide 10 1.4 Information for decision-makers 12 1.4.1 General recommendations 12 1.4.2 Continuing and replacing migration 12 1.4.3 Migration paths 13 1.4.4 Comparability of alternatives 13 1.4.5 Future key issues 14 1.4.6 Economic efficiency 15 2 Key issues of the migration guide.............................. 17 2.1 Important definitions 17 2.1.1 Open source, free software 17 2.1.2 Proprietary software 17 2.1.3 Commercial Linux software 17 2.1.4 Replacing migration 18 2.1.5 Continuing migration 18 2.2 Migration paths 18 2.2.1 Microsoft Windows as the starting situation 19 2.2.2 System landscape with replacing migration 21 2.2.3 System landscape with continuing migration 22 2.2.4 Internal dependencies within the Microsoft system landscape 23 2.3 Linux distributions 25 2.3.1 Introduction 25 2.3.2 Debian GNU Linux 27 2.3.3 SuSE Linux distribution 28 2.3.4 Red Hat distribution 29 2.3.5 Certifications 29 2.3.6 Conclusions 31 Version: 29.08.2003 Page 1 CONTENTS 2.4 License models 31 2.4.1 GPL 31 2.4.2 Lesser GPL 32 2.4.3 BSD license 33 2.5 Data sources 33 2.5.1 Experience with migration projects 34 2.5.2 Integration of experts 36 3 Technical description of the migration paths ............ 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 File system 38 3.2.1 Overview 38 3.2.2 Windows NT 4 39 3.2.3 Replacing migration 48 3.2.4 Continuing migration 58 3.3 Print service 62 3.3.1 Overview 62 3.3.2 Introduction 63 3.3.3 The starting situation – printing under Windows NT 4 64 3.3.4 Replacing migration 71 3.3.5 Continuing migration 80 3.4 Authentication services 81 3.4.1 Overview 81 3.4.2 The starting situation – Windows NT 4 82 3.4.3 Replacing migration – Linux, Samba and OpenLDAP 89 3.4.4 Continuing migration 93 3.5 Network services 93 3.5.1 Overview 93 3.5.2 The starting situation – network services under Windows NT 94 3.5.3 Replacing migration – network services under Linux 99 3.5.4 Continuing migration – network services under Windows 2000 101 3.6 System audit and management services 102 Page 2 Version: 28.09.2003 CONTENTS 3.6.1 Overview 102 3.6.2 The starting situation – Systems Management Server under Windows NT 4 103 3.6.3 Replacing migration – Linux 105 3.6.4 Continuing migration – Windows 2000 107 3.7 Directory service 109 3.7.1 Overview 109 3.7.2 Fundamentals 109 3.7.3 Active directory service (ADS) 113 3.7.4 Replacing migration – Samba and OpenLDAP 128 3.7.5 Continuing migration – introduction of ADS 131 3.8 Middleware – COM,.NET, J2EE 139 3.8.1 Component Object Model (COM) 139 3.8.2 ".NET" 140 3.8.3 Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) 142 3.9 Web services 144 3.9.1 Overview 144 3.9.2 Fundamentals 144 3.9.3 .Net web services 145 3.9.4 J2EE 146 3.10 XML (Extensible Markup Language) 147 3.11 Web servers 148 3.11.1 Overview 148 3.11.2 Introduction 148 3.11.3 Internet Information Server 4.0 149 3.11.4 Replacing migration 152 3.11.5 Continuing migration 158 3.12 SharePoint Portal Server 160 3.12.1 Overview 160 3.12.2 Introduction 161 3.12.3 Dashboard site 161 3.12.4 Document management system (DMS) 162 3.12.5 Search functions 163 3.12.6 Conclusions 163 Stand: 29.08.2003 Seite 3 CONTENTS 3.13 Databases 164 3.13.1 Overview 164 3.13.2 Introduction 164 3.13.3 MS SQL Server 7.0 165 3.13.4 Replacing migration 169 3.13.5 Continuing migration 175 3.14 Groupware 177 3.14.1 Overview 177 3.14.2 Introduction 178 3.14.3 The starting situation – Microsoft Exchange 5.5 178 3.14.4 Replacing migration 183 3.14.5 Continuing migration 201 3.15 Office / desktop 206 3.15.1 Overview 206 3.15.2 Introduction 207 3.15.3 MS Office: the starting situation 207 3.15.4 Replacing migration 211 3.15.5 Continuing migration 229 3.15.6 Further desktop applications 233 3.15.7 Integration of Windows applications in conjunction with Linux clients 241 3.15.8 Evaluation 252 3.16 Terminal servers and thin clients 253 3.16.1 Overview 253 3.16.2 Introduction 254 3.16.3 Linux Terminal Server Project 258 3.16.4 NX terminal services 259 3.16.5 Windows Terminal Services and Citrix 260 3.17 High availability 263 3.17.1 Aims 263 3.17.2 The "five new" and reality 263 3.17.3 The approach 264 3.17.4 Categories of HA systems 265 3.17.5 Proprietary HA software 266 Page 4 Version: 28.09.2003 CONTENTS 3.17.6 Open Source HA software 267 4 Evaluation of economic efficiency ........................... 271 4.1 Introduction 271 4.2 Methodological principles 272 4.2.1 Monetary analysis 273 4.2.2 Benefit analysis 273 4.2.3 IT-WiBe 21 (recommendations on economic efficiency assessments for IT systems) 273 4.2.4 Migration cost matrix 274 4.2.5 TCO 275 4.2.6 Comparability 275 4.2.7 New introduction vs. migration of systems 276 4.2.8 Full cost approach 277 4.3 The monetary (operative) dimension 278 4.3.1 Applications 278 4.3.2 Cost categories 278 4.3.3 Features of applied categories of public agencies 279 4.4 Strategic dimension 281 4.4.1 Macroeconomic discussion 281 4.4.2 Microeconomic discussion 281 4.5 Overall results of the evaluation of economic efficiency 282 4.6 Migration recommendations based on the evaluation of economic efficiency 283 4.6.1 Complete migration 285 4.6.2 Continuing migration 286 4.6.3 Partial migration 286 4.7 Conclusions 289 4.8 Expenditures with different migration scenarios 289 4.8.1 General assumptions concerning migration expenditures 289 4.8.2 Costs of migration from Windows NT to Windows 2000 291 4.8.3 Expenditure on migration from Windows NT to Linux 294 Stand: 29.08.2003 Seite 5 CONTENTS 4.8.4 Expenditure on migration from Exchange 5.5 to Exchange 2000 297 4.8.5 Expenditure on migration from Exchange 5.5 to Samsung Contact 298 4.8.6 Recommended assessments concerning products / product groups 299 4.9 Example of evaluation of urgency and quality / strategy 329 4.9.1 Urgency criteria 330 4.9.2 Quality/strategy criteria 330 4.9.3 Benefit analysis 330 5 Migration recommendations...................................... 336 5.1 General statements 336 5.1.1 The decision-making path 336 5.1.2 General recommendations 337 5.2 Completely "replacing migration" 339 5.2.1 Architecture model 340 5.2.2 Medium and large public agencies 343 5.2.3 Specialized public agencies with an IT service function 346 5.2.4 Small public agencies 348 5.3 Completely "continuing migration" 350 5.3.1 Minimizing the degree of integration, protecting degrees of freedom 352 5.3.2 Further migration paths 354 5.4 Partial migration 354 5.4.1 Selective migration 354 5.4.2 Partial migration at the server end 357 5.5 Migration paths 358 5.5.1 One-step migration 358 5.5.2 Gentle migration 360 5.5.3 Critical success factors 362 6 Authors and contributing experts............................. 375 Page 6 Version: 28.09.2003 CONTENTS 7 Abbreviations ............................................................. 377 8 Glossary...................................................................... 386 9 Tables.......................................................................... 392 10 Illustrations ................................................................. 396 11 Appendix ..................................................................... 400 11.1 Appendix: WiBe (recommendations on economic efficiency assessments for IT systems) 400 11.1.1 Overview of recommended catalogs of criteria 400 11.1.2 General catalog of criteria, IT-WiBe21, for migration scenarios 400 11.1.3 Special catalog of criteria, IT-WiBe21, for migration objects 404 11.1.4 Explanation of additional criteria 406 Stand: 29.08.2003 Seite 7 Introduction 1 Introduction "A product replaces another one if it offers customers an incentive for a change which outweighs the change costs or which overcomes the resistance to change. A replacement product offers an incentive for change if, compared to its price, it offers customers a higher value than the product that was previously used." M.E.