Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2014 Designing an instructional intervention using karaoke to develop key reading skills Travis James Ross Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Ross, Travis James, "Designing an instructional intervention using karaoke to develop key reading skills" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 492. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/492 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology DESIGNING AN INSTRUCTIONAL INTERVENTION USING KARAOKE TO DEVELOP KEY READING SKILLS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Educational Technology by Travis James Ross August, 2014 Nancy Harding, Ph.D. – Dissertation Chairperson i This dissertation, written by Travis James Ross under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Doctoral Committee: Nancy Harding, Ph.D., Chairperson Cynthia Dollins, Ed.D. Linda Polin, Ph.D. ii Copyright by Travis James Ross (2014) All Rights Reserved iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................... vii VITA .......................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................x Chapter I: Introduction................................................................................................1 Purpose of the Study .......................................................................................4 Hypothesis.......................................................................................................5 Research Questions ........................................................................................5 Significance of the Study .................................................................................5 Limitations .......................................................................................................7 Assumptions ....................................................................................................8 Theoretical Perspective ...................................................................................9 Overview of Methodology ..............................................................................10 Definition of Terms.........................................................................................11 Organization of the Study ..............................................................................13 Chapter 2: Review of Relevant Literature.................................................................14 Design-Based Research Methodology ..........................................................14 Reading Instruction and Assessment ............................................................17 Karaoke in the Classroom .............................................................................43 Summary of the Review of Relevant Literature .............................................49 Chapter 3: Methodology and Procedures.................................................................50 Context ..........................................................................................................51 Research Design ...........................................................................................53 Population......................................................................................................64 Sample and Sampling Procedures ................................................................64 Consent Procedures......................................................................................64 Instrumentation..............................................................................................65 Data Collection Procedures...........................................................................69 Data Analysis.................................................................................................71 Limitations .....................................................................................................74 Summary of Methodology..............................................................................75 iv Chapter 4: Results....................................................................................................76 Characteristics of the Sample........................................................................76 Round One Results .......................................................................................78 Round One Design Modifications ..................................................................90 Round Two Results .......................................................................................91 Round Two Design Modifications ................................................................109 Chapter 5: Findings ................................................................................................111 Key Findings................................................................................................111 Limitations of the Study ...............................................................................119 Implications for the Field..............................................................................121 Suggestions for Future Research ................................................................122 Conclusion...................................................................................................123 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................124 APPENDIX A: Karaoke Workshop Round One: Curriculum...................................139 APPENDIX B: Karaoke Workshop Songs ..............................................................153 APPENDIX C: Grade 4 R-CBM (4 versions) ..........................................................257 APPENDIX D: Grade 4 Maze-CBM (4 versions) ....................................................261 APPENDIX E: Elementary Reading Attitudes Survey ............................................269 APPENDIX F: Informed Student Assent Form .......................................................276 APPENDIX G: Informed Parent/Guardian Consent Form.......................................278 APPENDIX H: Confidentiality Notice ......................................................................280 APPENDIX I: Pepperdine University Institutional Review Board Approval.............281 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Research Questions, Outcomes, and Measures ........................................50 Table 2: Oral Reading Fluency Norms for Grade 4 Compiled in 2005 .....................55 Table 3: Karaoke Workshop: Round One Curriculum Topics...................................57 Table 4: Spache and Powers-Sumner-Kearl Readability Results:............................61 Table 5: Karaoke Workshop: Round One Music ......................................................63 Table 6: Frequency of Quantitative Data Collection for a Single Round...................70 Table 7: Descriptive Statistics of the Sample ...........................................................77 Table 8: R-CBM Oral Reading Fluency Scores: Round One....................................79 Table 9: Maze-CBM Reading Comprehension Scores: Round One.........................80 Table 10: Elementary Reading Attitudes: Round One..............................................81 Table 11: Karaoke Workshop: Round Two Music ....................................................92 Table 12: R-CBM Oral Reading Fluency Scores: Round Two..................................93 Table 13: Maze-CBM Reading Comprehension Scores: Round Two.......................94 Table 14: Elementary Reading Attitudes: Round Two..............................................95 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: A four-component model of reading ..........................................................17 Figure 2: A visual model of the concurrent triangulation approach...........................53 Figure 3: Karaoke Workshop instructional routine for round one..............................56 Figure 4: Grade 4 leveled text: assessment and song samples ...............................62 Figure 5: Karaoke Workshop instructional routine for round two..............................91 Figure 6: Improvement in oral reading fluency for Student 1....................................96 Figure 7: Improvement in reading comprehension for Student 1..............................96 Figure 8: Improvement in oral reading fluency for Student 2....................................97 Figure 9: Improvement in reading comprehension for Student 2..............................98 Figure 10: Improvement