क� द्र�यू�म भ जल बोड셍 जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रालय भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Government of India Report on AQUIFER MAPPING Katghora & Kartala Blocks, Korba district and Dharamjaigarh, Gharghoda & Tamnar Blocks, Raigarh Districts, Chhattisgarh उ�र म鵍य छ�ीसगढ़ �ेत्र, रायपुर North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Raipur REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPPING IN PARTS OF KORBA DISTRICT AND RAIGARH DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH BY Sri A. K. Biswal, Scientist-D Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Raipur Ministry of Water Resources, Ganga Rejuvenation & River Development Government of India RAIPUR 2016 REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPPING IN KATGHORA & KARTALA BLOCKS (KORBA DISTRICT) AND DHARAMJAIGARH, GHARGHODA & TAMNAR BLOCKS (RAIGARH DISTRICT), CHHATTISGARH Type of Study Blocks District Officer engaged 1. Katghora 1 . Sri Gobinath. M, STA (Hg), Korba 2. Kartala Data compilation, Data Gap Analysis & Data Generation 3. Dharamjaigarh 1. Sri S. Acharya, Scientist-D, 4. Gharghoda Raigarh 2. Sri R. K. Tripathy, AHG, 5. Tamnar 1. Katghora Korba 2. Kartala Data Interpretation, Integration 3. Dharamjaigarh Sri A. K. Biswal, Scientist-D, & Aquifer Mapping 4. Gharghoda Raigarh 5. Tamnar Central Ground Water Board North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Raipur Ministry of Water Resources, Ganga Rejuvenation & River Development Government of India RAIPUR 2016 Executive summary Aquifer mapping is a multidisciplinary scientific process wherein a combination of geological, hydrogeological, geophysical, hydrological and quality data is integrated to characterize the quantity, quality and movement of ground water in aquifers. However, due to paradigm shift in focus from development to management of ground water in last one decade, the need for more reliable and comprehensive aquifer maps on larger scale has been felt for equitable and sustainable management of the ground water resources at local scale. Volumetric assessment of ground water and strategies for future development and management are the primary objectives of aquifer mapping. The study area comprises of the five blocks such as Katghora & Kartala of Korba district, Dharamjaigarh, Gharghoda and Tamnar of Raigarh district. The study area, comprising of the five development blocks namely Katghora (509 sq.km), Kartala (743 sq.km), Dharamjaigarh (1225.0 sq km), Gharghoda (469.0 sq.km) and Tamnar (434.0 sq.km)., is located in the north eastern part of Chhattisgarh state. It falls in the Survey of India Degree sheet No 64J and 64N between latitudes 21059’02” and 22 047’31”N and longitudes 82 0428’33” and 83036’21”E. The total population of the study area as per 2011 Census is 5,04,040 out of which rural population is 5,79,396 & the urban population is only 19,444. The study area experiences sub-tropical climate. Average annual rainfall in the study area is 1364 .43 mm taking rainfall from 2008-2012 into consideration 50 to 60 rainy days out of which the monsoon rainfall contributes about 92 %. Geomorphologically the study area displays Structural Plains, Pediment/Pediplain, Denudational Hills and Valleys which can be divided into two distinct physiographic units as Chhattisgarh Plain with an elevation ranging from 290 to 320 masl. The net sown area is 1227.24 sq.km, while double-cropped area is 244.18 sq.km. Gross cropped area accounts 1471.42 sq.km. Rice is sown in nearly 95% of the net sown area. The net irrigated area in the study area is 10691 hectares. The percentage of the irrigated area to net sown area in in the study area is only 8.7 % and is very much less than the State average (22.34%). Only 9 % of the net sown area is irrigated by all sources indicating the agriculture pattern practiced in the study area is mostly rainfed. Irrigation by surface water covers almost 81.82 % of the net irrigated area while 18.18 % of the net irrigated area is irrigated by ground water. Korba district often referred as the Industrial Hub of Chhattisgarh. The study area is mostly mined by black diamond that is coal. Nearly ten no. of open cast (viz. Dipka, Kusmunda, Gevra and Laxman Baroud, Chhal,) and under ground mines (viz. Banki, Balgi and Surakachha, Dharam) are operative in the study area . The major aquifers present in the study area are (1) Sandstone (Gondwana formation) – aquifer 1 A & 1 B and (2) Granitic terrain (Archaean) – Aquifer 2 A & 2 B; both in pheratic and fractured condition . In the pre-monsoon period, it has been observed that in Gondwana, though the maximum water level is 21.68 m at Jawali in Katghoda block , the average water level is 7.45 mbgl. But the water level in and around Jabga in Dharamjaigarh block, jhariapali, parigaon, Banai, chhota Nawapara in Gharghoda block, Dhaurabhata, Bijna, Parkiparhi and Saraitola in Tamnar block is approaching 2 m so may be a threshold of being water logging. In the post-monsoon period, it has been observed that the water level varies from 1.07 to 10.95 mbgl with an average of 4.69 mbgl in sandstone area. In granitic terrain, the post monsoon water level also does not show any variation as the range is 3.37 to 5.25 mbgl. However due to unplanned exploitation of ground water in the backdrop of more population and inadequate recharge, some of the areas shows water level deeper that is > 5mbgl. So these places are to be given special attention with regular monitoring and artificial recharge. The water level fluctuation in Gondwana terrain in the study area varies from 0.1 at Bijna in Tamnar block to 16.84 m at Jawali in Katghora block with an average fluctuation of 2.66 m in Gondwana terrain and 2.6 m in granitic terrain . This figure indicates very low draft in the block. The long term water level trend indicates that there is no appreciable change in water level both in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period. The Gneissic Complex of Archaean to Proterozoic age consists of granite gneiss and granitoids, containing enclaves of metasedimentary and meta-igneous suites comprising schists, quartzites, amphibolites and dolomitic marbles. The average thickness of the weathered portion in the area is around 9 m. The occurrences of fractures at depth in the area are not common and whenever occur are less potential in ground water point of view. Generally 1 to 2 sets of fractures are encountered within 60 m depth and 1 to 2 sets of fractures are encountered within 60 to 100 m depth and 1 set of fracture is encountered from 100 to 200 m depth. However most potential zone are likely to be encountered from 100 to 200 m depth. In general the discharge varies from negligible to 3 lps with an average yield of 1.5 lps. The development in these formations is mostly by way of dug wells. The transmisiivity of the formation is around 6 m 2 per day with an average drawdown of 27 m. The thickness of fractured aquifer is around 2 m. The Gondwana Super Group of rocks exposed in the area is represented by Talchir, Barakar and Kamthi formations. They mainly consist of sand stone, shale, boulder bed and coal seams. Barakar formation is mostly explored by the department in the study area by way of drilling. It is having good productive aquifers and granular zones down to depth of 200m. Generally 1 to 3 sets of fractures are encountered within 60 m depth, 1 to 2 sets of fractures within 60 to 100 m depth and 1 to 3 sets of fractures are encountered within 100 to 200 m depth. The discharge in this formation ranges from 1 to 7 lps. with an average discharge of 3.3 lps. The transmissivity of the aquifer is around 10 m 2 per day with an average drawdown of 26 m. the thickness of fractured sandstone is around 7 m. So far as chemical quality is concerned, the high nitrate content (88-152 mg/l) in ground water are found in all the blocks at smany locations which may be due to excessive use of fertilizers in local farming. The high fluoride content (2.1 to 5.1 mg/l) is also found in ground water in Katghora and Kartala blocks of Korba district. There is also very high iron contamination in the range of 1.08 to 43.82 mg/l found at various locations in Katghora and Kartala blocks of Korba district. The Total Annual Replenishable Groundwater Resources and Net Available Groundwater Resources for the study area 269.0788 and 253.7496 MCM respectively. Out of this 80.9454 MCM is being used for irrigation, 30.8264 MCM for industrial and domestic sector taking the gross annual ground water draft for all uses to 111.771 ham. This translates to an overall stage of ground water development in the study area at 42.31 %. A ground water resource of 35.4228 ham & 137.3216 ham has been kept reserved for future domestic and industrial requirement and irrigation development respectively for next 25 years. So All the blocks fall in safe category. Sub Surface Potential to be recharged through other methods in Gondwana and Granitic terrain has been calculated to be 108.758 MCM & 52.838 MCM respectively. The major ground water issues identified during the survey in the study area are as follows: (i) Stage of ground water development in Katghora block is relatively high (68.88%) and hence on the threshold of semi-critical stage. (ii) In active coal-mining areas where huge quantity of groundwater is regularly pumped during mining, it’s impact on the ground water regime is appreciable in & around Dipika in Katghora block and Nawapara in Dharamjaigarh block.