Vb5"'M7 ;pg~ r '2- '"3 0 '- HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA. The latest and most complete edition of this work consists of :- History and Ethnography of Africa south of th' Zam.6esi from the sel/lement of the Portuguese at Sofala i" Septem6er I505 to the c01u/uest of the Cape Colony 6y the British in Septem6er I795. In three volumes. Volume I contains a description of the Bushmen,' Hotten­ tots, and Bantu, an account of the first voyages round the Cape of Good Hope of the Portuguese, the French, the English, and the Dutch, and a history of the Portuguese in South Africa in early times. Volumes II and III contain a history of the administration of the Dutch East India Company in South Africa, &c., &c. History of South Africa Stttte Septem6er I795. In five volumes. Volume I is the one in the reader's hands. • Volume II contains a history ofthe Cape Colony from 1828 to 1846, a history of Natal from 1224 to 1845, and an account of the proceedings of the emigrant farmers in the territory between the Orange and Limpopo rivers from 1836 to 1847. Volume III contains a history of the Cape Colony from 1846 to 1860, of Natal from 1845 to 18S7. of British Kaffraria from 1847 to 1860, and of the Orange River Sovereignty and the Transvaal Republic from 1847 to 1854- Volume IV contains a history of the Orange Free State, the South African Republic, Zululand, Basutoland, Betshuana­ land. and Matabeleland from 1854 to 1872. Volume V contains a history of the Cape Colony and Natal to 1872, Griqualand West to 1880, Great Namaqua­ land. Damaraland. Transkei. Tembuland. and Griqualand East to 1885. Pondoland and the Portuguese Territory to 1894. Each of these volumes is indexed and may be had separately from the others. PREFACE. TSE preparation of a history of South Africa haa occupied my almost undivided attention during the last forty years. I kept it conlltnntly in view while connected in different capacities with Bantu tribes, and while keeper of the e.rchives of the Cape Colony and subsequently I have made the ;:l08est possible research among official documents of all kinJs. Of printed books upon the country I have one of the best collections in existence, and though I have not made many extracts from them, they have often served me as guides. To the utmost of human ability I have striven to write without fear, favour, or prejudice, to do l·qual justice to all with whom I had to deal. I can there­ fore, without laying myself open to the accusation of vanity, 1,lace my work confidently before the public as not alone the only detailed history of South Africa yet prepared, but 88 a true and absolutely unbiassed narrative. GEORGE M. THEAL. LoNDOlf, Jvl!l 1903. CONTENTS. - CRAFTER I • .ADIUILUo 1m 080B08 KDTJI IILPmlf8'l'OlfB .um OBUB.AI.I .AI.UlUID OUllD .AlfD 1.AJlB8 BUllY OB.AJo, OOll'JOIlfTLY, COMJIAlfDBB8 0., 'rI[]I BaWSIl -.oaou, 16m 8BPra1llllBB !rO 16TI1 1I0VBIUID 1795. 1UI0a-oualLUo 1.AI08 Jo:lUY OB.AJO, OOMlU.lfDAlfT 0" 'rI[]I !rOWlf .um BE'l'TLBK&.lI"I 0., 'rI[]I CJ.U'B 0.,. OOOD Bon, 151'I1 IfOYDDIU 1796 !rO 5TH JUY 1797. COlfcILUTOay meaauree adopted by the Engliab commandel'll.­ Submiuion of the burgherw of the districte of Stellenboach and Swellendam.-Appointment of Major·General Craig aa "com· mandant of the town and I8ttlement of the Cape of Good Hope.--Military and naval force left for the protection of the Cape.-RefWlBl of the burgherw of the diatrict of GraaJf· Reinet to lubmit to the neW' govemment.-Empioyment of Hottenk>te .. lOidiel'll.-Capture of a Dutch lIeet of war in Saldanha Bay.-EntranC8 of moat of the prisoners into the British I8rvioe.-Submiaaion of the burgherw of Graeff. Reinet.-.A.lpiratioUl of the national party.-ElI'orta of Jan Pieter Woyer to obtain uaiatanoe for the republican party.­ The luckleea voyage of the Hoc:uje.-Eventa at Delagoa Bay in 1796-7.-Character of General Craig'8 adminiatration.­ Construction of neW' forti1icationa.-Exportatioll of wheat and 8ubaequent acaroity of food.-Oreatioll of more paper money.­ Military and IlAval force at the Cape in 1797 .-Restrictioll of the whaling industry to British and oolonial V8laele.­ Expeditioll for the purpose of taking poaaeasioll of harbours 011 the w8ltern _to I vii " Iii Contents•. CHAPTER n. GEORGE, EARL MA.CJARTNEY, GOVERNOR, INSTALLED 5TH MAY 1797 ; RETIRED 20TH: NOVEMBER 1798. MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS DUNDAS, ACTING GOVERNOR, 21ST NOVEMBER 1798 :ro 9TH DECEMBER 1799. Appointment of the earl of Macartney as governor.-His arrival . in South Africa.-Character of the administration of Lord Macartney.-Banishment of Commandant Petrus Jacobus Delport.-Regulations concerning commerce.-Alterations in the courts of jUBtice.-Improvement in the mode of payment of civil servants.-Treatment of Bushmen and XOSBB.­ Assumption of duty by Mr. Frans Reinhard Bresler as landdrost of Graaff-Reinet.-Tour of Messrs. Bresler and Barrow among the XOSBS in th\!o Zuurveld.-Account of the Xosa chief Gaika.-Visit of Messrs. Bresler and Barrow to . .Gaika . ...;.Establishment of the first post-office in the colony.­ Proclamation defining the eaStern and northern boundaries.­ Prices of bread and meat.-Staj;istics of trade, revenue, and shipping.-Establishment of a church at Swellendam.-Mutiny in the fleet of war on the Cape station, and its suppression.­ Reduotion of the military and naval .force at the Cape.­ Return to England of Lord Macartney on account of ill health.-Great. fire in Capetown.-Insurrection of a party of farmers in Graaff-Reinet.-Its suppression by General Vand.eleur.-Invasion of the colony -by a horde of Xosas under the chief Ndlambe.-Attack OIi British troops by the people 9f _ Cunpa.-MasSBcre of a party of Boldiers.­ Insurrection of Hottentots in the district of Graaff-Reinet.­ Progress of the war with the Xosss and - Hottelltots.­ Establishment of a kind of truce by Mr. H. Mayuier.­ Erectioll of Fort Frederick at Algoa Bay.-Appointment of Mr. Maynier as commissioner for the distriots of Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet.-Capture of the Frenoh frigate Prudente with .volunteers to aid the· insurgents of Graaff-Reinet.­ Defeat of the Frenoh frigate Pre1leuse in Algoa Bay.­ Account of the Namaqua captain Afrikaner.-Dealings with Buabmen on the northern frontier.-Establishment of missions by the London society.-Shipwrecks in Table Bay. H Contmts. Ix CHAPTERm III. 0110&011 VO.OII, GlOVaBJI01I, PSULLBII lOrs II&CUBBB 1799, BBCUVIID uru. O. Dl8XJIIII4L 20ra .t.PBlL 1S01. 1IlU0• • ollna.u. ......cu 1It711D.... , .t.CTlXO 80'1''''011, 20ra .t.PRIL lSOl 'fO 20rJI RBBt7.... V 1803. AninI of Governor 8w George Yonge. - Trial of the leadiDg European inaurgent. of Graall'·Reinet.-Creation of an agri­ cultural department of the Cape government.-Bad ee&aone and coDl8queDt lC&lOit1 of grain.-Commencemeut of tbe publication of • Govemmen' Ucuette. - UnpopularitJ of Sir George Yonge.-Hia recaU.-Auumption of duty &a acting governor b1 Major.General DundaL-IuquirJ into Sir George Yonge'. oonduoi. - 8oandalolU diaoloeurea regarding his admioiatration,-Condition 01 the district 01 Graa1r·Reinet.­ Armed opposition to the commiuioner Maynier.-Reeall of Mayni8J'.-ReeumptiOQ of open boatilitiea with the Xo... and Hottentot&·-Death in battle of Commandant Tjaart van der Walt.-Concluaion 01 peace with the Xoeaa and Hottentota.­ ExpeditioD to the Betabuana country.-FaU of rock from Table Mountain.-Eccleaiutical mattera.-Treaty of AmieD" providing among otber mattera for the reatoration of tbe Cape Colon, to tbe Batavian Repulllio.-Form of government 01 the colon1 decided upon b1 tbe etatel.generaL-Appoint. ment 01 Mr. J. A. de Miat u high commiuioner. and of General J. W. Januene u governor; - Troope de.tined for the garriaon 01 the colon,.-Arrival of tbe Batavian officiala.­ Arrangementa lop tbe tranafer 01 the eolon,.-D.. lay O&uaed by ordara from England.-CompletioD of tbe traDefer. 62 CBA.PTER IV. J.t.OOB .t.lIlUJlUI DII I08T, OOJoWISSIOlfllB·OJ!N~ 21ST PIIBBt7ABV 1803 'fO 25TH UPTU!lIBB 1~. LlBtlTBlf.t.JIT • OIl.IIa.u. IAJ!I WJLLDI I.t.N8SIINB, OO'l'IIBNOB, PST.t.LUD 1sT Jl.t.BCH 1803, c.t.PJTt7L.t.TBD TO AJ!I DOLISH 4IW1' 18Ta J.t.Nt7.t.BY 1806. Installation b1 CommiuioDer·GeDeral De Miat of officiala of the new governmeDt.-Grant of au amneetJ to political offeDdera.­ &1_ of tbe Gruff.Reinet pnsonera.-Toup of General J&IlIII4IDII.-Arrangementa with the Hottentots and X0888.- IJ x Contents. Intelligence of the outbreak of war in Europe.-Reduction of the garrison at the Cape.-Confiscation of property belong­ ing to the English East India Company.-':Tour of Commis­ sioner-General De Mist.-Partition of the colony into six districts insteaci of four.-Formation -of drostdies at Uitenhage and Tulbagh.-Efl'orts. of Mr. Gysbert Karel \'an Hogendorp to send out colonists from the .Netherlands.-Appointment of a commission to make impro~ements in agriculture and stock­ breeding.-Issue of an ordinance granting full religious toleration.-Ecclesiastica.I matters.-Attempt to establish public achooIs.-Alteration of the marriage law.-Selection of a coa.t­ of-arms for Capetown.-Issue of more paper money.-Jealousy of French iIifluence entertained by the government.-Return to Europe- of Commissioner-General De Mist. ••• ••• 102 CHAPTER V. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JANSSENS (conWnued). Jl:sta.blishment of posts between Capetown and the various drostdies.-Resolution regardin~ a new northern boun4ary of the colony.-Duties and powers of district oflicers.-Expedi­ tion to the BatIapin country.-Report upon the London missionary society's stations at the Zak river and north of the Orange.-Shipwrecks in Table Bay.-Census returns.-Con­ dition of the colony at the close of 1805.-Expedition sent from England against the Cape Colony.-Landing of the English army under Major-General Baird on the Blueberg beach.