For the Electronics Industry Version 2.0 April 2005 1 Authors: Brian Crumrine Shawn Decker Elissa Loughman Ryan McMullan Advisor: Magali Delmas - Bren School, UC Santa Barbara Advised by: Randy Boeller - HP Susie Elkins - IBM Bob Sanders - IBM Shaye Hokinson - AMD Editing by: Sarah Doss Graphic Design by: ANIMATRIX Computer Arts, Inc. Thanks to: Paul Russell - HP Suzanne Keeler - HP Arturo Keller - Bren School, UC Santa Barbara Roland Geyer - Bren School, UC Santa Barbara The Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents .....................................................................................................3 Ch 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................8 The Current State of Electronics Packaging ............................................................................... 8 Why Use This Guideline?........................................................................................................... 9 How to Use This Guideline......................................................................................................... 9 Guide to Contents ....................................................................................................................... 9 Packaging Scenario: Introduction........................................................................12 Randy at XYZ Electronics – Introduction .................................................... 12 Ch 2: Environmental Packaging Procedure........................................................14 Environmental Packaging Procedure........................................................................................ 14 Step 1: Identify Environmental Goals and Initiatives........................................................... 16 Step 2: Identify the Destination of the Package.................................................................... 17 Step 3: Identify Applicable Regulations............................................................................... 18 Step 4: Identify Mode(s) of Shipping ................................................................................... 18 Step 5: Identify Company Specific Requirements................................................................ 19 Step 6: Select Raw Materials ................................................................................................ 21 Step 7: Design the Package................................................................................................... 23 Step 8: Environmental Characterization ............................................................................... 23 Ch 3: Environmental Impacts and Reduction Strategies ..................................25 Environmental Impact Overview.............................................................................................. 25 Life Cycle Assessment.......................................................................................................... 26 General Example of Life Cycle Impacts................................................................................... 26 Categories of Impact................................................................................................................. 27 Impacts to Natural Resources ............................................................................................... 27 Energy Use............................................................................................................................ 27 Impacts to Water................................................................................................................... 28 Impacts to Air ....................................................................................................................... 28 Disposal................................................................................................................................. 29 Toxic Substance Release....................................................................................................... 30 Impact Reduction Strategies ..................................................................................................... 31 Key Strategies for Reducing Environmental Impact ............................................................ 32 Material Reduction................................................................................................................ 33 Design for Reuse................................................................................................................... 35 Design for Recyclability ....................................................................................................... 39 Using Recycled Content ....................................................................................................... 40 Alternative Materials ............................................................................................................ 41 3 Table of Contents Packaging Scenario: Options................................................................................43 Randy at XYZ Electronics – Package Options ............................................. 43 Ch 4: Corrugated Fiberboard...............................................................................45 Environmental Impact............................................................................................................... 45 Impact Summary – Corrugated Fiberboard* ........................................................................ 46 Impacts to Natural Resources ............................................................................................... 46 Energy Use............................................................................................................................ 47 Impacts to Water................................................................................................................... 47 Impacts to Air ....................................................................................................................... 48 Disposal................................................................................................................................. 48 Toxic Substance Release....................................................................................................... 48 Impact Reduction Strategies ..................................................................................................... 49 Reduction of Toxic Substances............................................................................................. 49 Material Reduction................................................................................................................ 49 Design for Reuse................................................................................................................... 50 Design for Recyclability ....................................................................................................... 50 Using Recycled Content ....................................................................................................... 51 Alternative Materials ............................................................................................................ 53 Ch 5: Paperboard...................................................................................................55 Environmental Impact............................................................................................................... 55 Impact Summary: Bleached (SBS) and Recycled Paperboard* ........................................... 56 Impact Summary: Unbleached (CUK) and Recycled Paperboard*...................................... 57 Impact Reduction Strategies ..................................................................................................... 57 Material Reduction................................................................................................................ 57 Design for Reuse................................................................................................................... 58 Design for Recyclability ....................................................................................................... 58 Using Recycled Content ....................................................................................................... 58 Recommended Paperboard Recycled-Content Ranges......................................................... 59 Alternative Materials ............................................................................................................ 59 Packaging Scenario: Paperboard .........................................................................62 Randy at XYZ Electronics – Considering Paperboard .................... 62 Environmental Impacts ......................................................................................................... 62 Impact Reduction Strategies ................................................................................................. 62 4 Table of Contents Ch 6: Wood .............................................................................................................64 Environmental Impact............................................................................................................... 64 Impacts to Air ......................................................................................................................