Modelling Method Extension for Service-Oriented Business Process Management Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.) der Technischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Sebastian Stein Kiel Dezember 2008 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Andreas Speck 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Witold Abramowicz Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 11. Dezember 2009 Abstract The introduction of service-oriented architectures (SOA) in the enterprise context promises many advantages. For example, by composing existing services new capabilities can be provided quickly allowing a fast and agile reaction to changing market conditions. In order to support companies in a successful adoption of SOA, service-orientation must be integrated in their enterprise architecture. Many companies made high investments in the past modelling their enterprise architecture based on different modelling methods. The introduction of SOA is fostered if existing models can be reused and investments are preserved. Therefore, existing modelling methods must be extended by service-oriented concepts. This thesis extends the modelling method ARIS with concepts for service-oriented busi- ness process management. It contributes a graphical modelling language, which is tightly integrated with the existing ARIS modelling method. Besides a modelling language, a modelling method also consists of algorithms and applications using the content captured in the models. Therefore, this thesis develops three distinct applications based on the contributed modelling language. First, service discovery enables identifying services needed for business process automation. Second, the automated EPC to BPEL model transformation allows transforming a business process into an executable service orchestration. Third, semantic business process management formalises enterprise models so that they are machine processable. To evaluate the usefulness of the designed modelling language and the developed ap- plications, two empirical case studies are conducted. The first case study evaluates the modelling language together with the applications service discovery and process trans- formation. The second case study evaluates the application semantic business process management. Both case studies demonstrate the usefulness and relevance of the modelling language as well as its applications. Hence, companies introducing service-oriented concepts can use the extended ARIS modelling method to document and analyse their service-oriented enterprise architecture. Contents 1 Introduction1 1.1 Motivation . .1 1.2 Contribution . .3 1.2.1 Theses . .3 1.2.2 Derived Contributions . .3 1.3 Epistemological Standpoint . .5 1.4 Research Design . .6 1.5 Outline . .8 2 State of the Art 10 2.1 Business Process Management . 10 2.1.1 Overview . 10 2.1.2 Enterprise Modelling and Enterprise Architecture Frameworks . 11 2.1.3 Modelling Method ARIS . 12 2.1.4 Business Process Modelling . 14 2.1.5 Business Process Automation . 16 2.2 Service-Oriented Architecture . 17 2.2.1 Overview . 17 2.2.2 Technological SOA . 17 2.2.3 Service-Orientation as Management Concept . 19 2.3 Model-Driven Integration Engineering . 21 2.3.1 Overview . 21 2.3.2 Model-Driven Architecture . 22 2.3.3 OrViA Framework . 22 2.3.4 Model Checking . 24 2.4 Business Process Transformation . 25 2.4.1 Overview . 25 2.4.2 Business to IT Transformation Process . 25 2.4.3 Variation Points and Transformation Issues . 26 2.4.4 Control Flow Centred Approaches . 28 2.4.5 Approaches Based on Domain-Specific Language Extensions . 29 2.4.6 Approaches Based on Frameworks . 30 2.4.7 Evaluation . 30 2.5 Service Discovery . 32 2.5.1 Overview . 32 I Contents 2.5.2 Approaches for Service Discovery . 33 2.5.3 Strategies for Discovery Result Combination . 34 2.5.4 Service Discovery Process . 35 2.6 Semantic Business Process Management . 35 2.6.1 Motivation . 35 2.6.2 Use-Cases of Semantics in Business Process Management . 36 2.6.3 Ontologies for Semantic Business Process Management . 37 2.6.4 Methodology and Applications . 39 2.6.5 Tools for Semantic Business Process Management . 40 2.6.6 Evaluation . 41 3 Modelling Language for Service-Oriented Business Process Management 42 3.1 Overview . 43 3.1.1 Motivation . 43 3.1.2 Constraints . 43 3.1.3 ARIS Extension Development Process . 44 3.2 Use Cases to be Supported . 45 3.2.1 Overview . 45 3.2.2 Service Discovery . 46 3.2.3 Service Composition . 46 3.2.4 Service Substitution . 47 3.2.5 Service Governance and Management . 47 3.3 Service Description Systematic . 48 3.3.1 Aspects and Views . 48 3.3.2 Levels . 49 3.3.3 Service Categories . 50 3.4 SOA Meta Model . 53 3.5 Service Description Elements . 55 3.5.1 Overview . 55 3.5.2 Capability . 55 3.5.3 Service Type . 56 3.5.4 Service Owner . 56 3.5.5 Non-Functional Description . 56 3.5.6 Data Description . 58 3.5.7 Service Architecture . 58 3.5.8 Available Realisations . 58 3.5.9 Strategy Alignment . 59 3.5.10 Project Management Alignment . 59 3.5.11 Usage in Processes . 59 3.5.12 Service Availability . 60 3.6 ARIS Modelling Method Extension . 60 3.6.1 Overview . 60 3.6.2 Gap Analysis . 61 3.6.3 New or Changed Object and Symbol Types . 62 3.6.4 Changed Model Types . 64 II Contents 3.7 Example . 69 4 Service Discovery 72 4.1 Motivation . 72 4.2 Overall Approach to Service Discovery . 74 4.3 Structural Matching Algorithm . 75 4.4 Semantic Matching Algorithm . 77 4.5 Service Assessment and Refinement . 78 4.6 Example . 79 5 Automated EPC to BPEL Transformation 82 5.1 Introduction . 82 5.2 Business to IT Transformation Framework . 84 5.2.1 Axiom . 84 5.2.2 Axiom’s Consequences and Requirements from the Field . 84 5.2.3 Framework . 86 5.3 Control Flow Transformation . 87 5.4 Data Transformation . 89 5.5 Functional Transformation . 89 5.5.1 Transformation of Service Information . 89 5.5.2 Synchronous and Asynchronous BPEL Processes . 91 5.5.3 Service Interface Generation . 91 5.5.4 Support for Proprietary BPEL Extensions . 92 5.6 Merge Support . 93 6 Case Study: Model-Driven Business Process Automation 94 6.1 Introduction . 94 6.2 Research Aim . 96 6.3 Scenario: Electronic Access to Register of Residents . 96 6.4 Case Study . 98 6.4.1 Overview . 98 6.4.2 Structured Requirements Analysis . 98 6.4.3 Validation . 100 6.4.4 Transformation and Execution . 101 6.5 Results . 101 6.5.1 Case Study Domain . 101 6.5.2 Structured Requirements Analysis . 102 6.5.3 Transformation and Execution . 103 6.5.4 Validation . 103 6.5.5 Tool Chain . 104 6.5.6 Concluding Remarks . 104 7 Semantic Business Process Management 106 7.1 Motivation . ..