Prepared by Infokommunikációs Stratégiai Kutatások Intézete (ISKI Consulting Limited) Hungary Project Leader: Ferenc Bánhidi Published by: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd. Telephone: +36-1-5858-690 E-mail: [email protected] Webpage: www.china-cee.eu Address: 1052, Budapest, Petőfi Sándor utca 11. Chief Editor: Dr. Chen Xin ISSN: 978-615-6124-39-5 Cover design: PONT co.lab Copyright: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd. The reproduction of the study or parts of the study are prohibited. The findings of the study may only be cited if the source is acknowledged. Digital Economy in Central and Eastern Europe Chief Editor: Dr. Chen Xin CHINA-CEE INSTITUTE Budapest, January 2021 Table of Content Preface ............................................................................................................... 9 Research Methodology and Topics .................................................................. 11 Main Results .................................................................................................... 14 1. ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL ECONOMIES OF CEE COUNTRIES USING DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX ..................................................... 18 1.1. INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) DATABASE AND ANNUAL COUNTRY PROFILES ........................................................................... 18 1.2. OVERVIEW OF DESI INDICATORS OF THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN REGION IN THE PERIOD 2015-2020 ........................................................................... 23 1.2.1. Connectivity ...................................................................................... 26 1.2.2. Human Capital ................................................................................. 30 1.2.3. Use of Internet services ..................................................................... 33 1.2.4. Integration of technology .................................................................. 35 1.2.5. Digital public services ....................................................................... 39 1.3. COUNTRY PROFILES ................................................................................... 42 1.3.1. Bulgaria country profile .................................................................... 42 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 43 Human capital ........................................................................................... 45 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 46 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 47 Digital public services................................................................................ 49 1.3.2. Romania country profile .................................................................... 50 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 50 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 51 Human capital ........................................................................................... 53 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 55 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 56 Digital public services................................................................................ 57 1.3.3. Estonia country profile ...................................................................... 59 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 59 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 60 Human capital ........................................................................................... 62 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 63 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 64 Digital public services................................................................................ 65 1 1.3.4. Latvia country profile ........................................................................ 67 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 67 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 68 Human capital ........................................................................................... 70 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 71 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 72 Digital public services................................................................................ 74 1.3.5. Poland country profile ...................................................................... 75 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 75 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 76 Human capital ........................................................................................... 78 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 79 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 80 Digital public services................................................................................ 81 1.3.6. Lithuania country profile ................................................................... 83 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 83 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 84 Human capital ........................................................................................... 86 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 86 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 88 Digital public services................................................................................ 90 1.3.7. Czechia country profile ..................................................................... 91 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 91 Connectivity ............................................................................................... 92 Human capital ........................................................................................... 94 Use of internet services .............................................................................. 95 Integration of technology ........................................................................... 96 Digital public services................................................................................ 97 1.3.8. Croatia country profile...................................................................... 99 Overall DESI ............................................................................................. 99 Connectivity .............................................................................................. 100 Human capital .......................................................................................... 102 Use of internet services ............................................................................. 103 Integration of technology .......................................................................... 104 Digital public services............................................................................... 105 1.3.9. Slovakia country profile ................................................................... 107 Overall DESI ............................................................................................ 107 Connectivity .............................................................................................. 108 Human capital .......................................................................................... 110 Use of internet services ............................................................................. 111 Integration of technology .......................................................................... 113 Digital public services............................................................................... 114 1.3.10. Slovenia country profile ................................................................... 115 2 Overall DESI ............................................................................................ 115 Connectivity .............................................................................................. 117 Human capital .......................................................................................... 118 Use of internet services ............................................................................. 119 Integration of technology .......................................................................... 121 Digital public services..............................................................................