LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION OF THE BURIGANGA RIVER USING GIS TOOLS AND ITS WATER MANAGEMENT FOR PROMOTING A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT Syed Mahmud-ul-Islam May 2011 TRITA-LWR Degree Project ISSN 1651-064X LWR-EX-11-13 Syed Mahmud-ul-Islam TRITA-LWR Degree Project 11:13 © Syed Mahmud-ul-Islam 2011 Degree Project for the Master‟s Program Water System Technology Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM, Sweden Reference should be written as: Syed, M. (2011) “Land use Change Detection of the Buriganga River Using GIS Tools and its Water Management for Promoting a Sustainable Environment” TRITA-LWR Degree Project 11:13. ii Land use Change Detection of the Buriganga River and its Water Management for Sustainable Environment SUMMARY IN SWEDISH Burigangafloden, som rinner genom centrala delar av Dhaka, har dramatiskt förändrats genom en extrem minskning av vattenflödet, utfyllning för bebyggelse av stränderna och omfattande förorening från hushåll, industri och okontrollerade tippar. Floden är ett allvarligt hot för en uthållig utveckling av Dhaka. Användning av GIS har visat att det minskade vattenflödet är den största risk, som hotar existensen av Burigangafloden liksom hela det angränsande ekosystemet i regionen. Den andra stora faran är förlusten av vegetation p.g.a. illegala utbyggnader och omvandlingen av flodens brinkar till jordbruksmark. Floden är nu kraftigt förorenad och i praktiken en död flod p.g.a. dumping av hushålls- industri- och sjukhusavfall och utsläpp från industrier och oljeutsläpp från båtar som transportera floden. Burigangas katastrofala tillstånd påverkar miljön, den sociala och ekonomiska situationen i hela det angränsande området. T.ex. hotas befolkningens hälsostandard. Olyckligtvis finns det inga tydliga vattenförvaltnings organisationer i Bangladesh. I den nationella vattenpolicyn från 1999 nämndes för första gången en avrinningsbaserad förvaltning, men som endast definierade några allmänna problem som främst fokuserade på höga flöden. I landet praktiseras ingen IWRM politik. Detta examensarbete rekommenderar åtgärder för att åstadkomma en uthållig miljö i central Dhaka och ett hälsosammare liv för invånarna. Det är helt avgörande att rädda Dhakas flodsystem och då särskilt Burigangafloden. Behovet av en integrerad vattenförvaltning akut. Examensarbetet pekar på bristerna i svaga myndigheter och institutionell uppbyggnad, brist på genomförande och kontroll av existerande lagar och riktlinjer är de huvudsakliga hindren för att kunna rädda Buriganga. iii Syed Mahmud-ul-Islam TRITA-LWR Degree Project 11:13 iv Land use Change Detection of the Buriganga River and its Water Management for Sustainable Environment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my gratitude and sincere indebtedness to my supervisor, Jan Erik Gustafsson, Associate Professor, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH, Sweden, for his supervision, inspiration and valuable suggestions during this research work and in preparation of the thesis. I would be glad to express my heartiest gratitude to my GIS advisor Shareful Hasan, for his valuable suggestions and encouragement during the research work and providing GIS data. My gratitude and thanks are due to the Executive director, IWM, Dhaka for providing library facilities during this work. I would like to express special gratitude to Mihir Biswash, Secretary, BAPA for providing important information and valuable suggestion about data collection. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents for their love, support and encouragement throughout my studies. Finally, I am grateful to all my teachers of WST program, KTH, classmates and friends for their valuable help, encouragement and cooperation during my study in Sweden. v Syed Mahmud-ul-Islam TRITA-LWR Degree Project 11:13 vi Land use Change Detection of the Buriganga River and its Water Management for Sustainable Environment CONTENTS Summary in Swedish .................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... v Contents ..................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. xi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ xiii Abbreviations and acronyms...................................................................................................... xv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 2 1.2. Objective of the Project ............................................................................................... 2 1.3. Materials and Methodology ........................................................................................ 3 1.3.1. Using GIS Tools ................................................................................................................ 3 1.3.2. River Management ............................................................................................................. 3 1.4. Limitations of the Study .............................................................................................. 4 2. Background study ............................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Location ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.2. Climate ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.3. The Buriganga River System ...................................................................................... 6 2.4. Economical Importance of the River ......................................................................... 8 2.5. History of the River ..................................................................................................... 9 2.6. Previous Land use ...................................................................................................... 10 2.7. Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 11 3. Land Use Change Detection by GIS .............................................................................. 12 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 12 3.2. Materials and methods .............................................................................................. 13 3.2.1. Multi-temporal Landsat Data Acquisition ......................................................................... 14 3.2.2. Image Resize .................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.3. Image Classification ......................................................................................................... 15 3.2.4. Vegetation ........................................................................................................................ 16 3.2.5. Accuracy Assessment ....................................................................................................... 16 3.2.6. Change Detection ............................................................................................................ 16 3.3. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 17 3.4. Driving Forces............................................................................................................ 18 3.5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 19 4. Causes of Pollution and Dying of the River .................................................................. 19 4.1. Causes of Pollution .................................................................................................... 20 4.1.1. History of Pollution ......................................................................................................... 20 4.1.2. Industrial Wastes .............................................................................................................. 20 4.1.3. Tannery Industries of Hazaribag Area .............................................................................. 21 4.1.4. Disposal of Solid Wastes .................................................................................................. 21 4.1.5. Sewage Wastes ................................................................................................................. 22 4.1.6. Oil and Lube Spillage ....................................................................................................... 22 4.1.7. Others Causes .................................................................................................................