Energy in Sweden 2018 An overview ENERGILÄGET 2018 An overall picture of the energy situation in Sweden The Swedish Energy Agency is responsible for the offcial energy statistics in The statistics are compiled through a system Sweden. We gather these statistics which consists of everything energy related. to provide an overall picture of the An energy system provides an overview of energy situation and the progress in supplied energy, energy production, transmission the energy area in Sweden. This of energy and energy consumption. means we have access to timelines of statistics starting as early as 1970. Supplied primary energy Transformation and transmission Final.. energy consumption Biofuels, water, wind, sun, Electricity- and heat Industry, transport, coal, crude oil, natural gas generation and processing residential and service and nuclear fuel of feedstock In Sweden we use domestic renewable energy sources as water, wind, sun and biofuels. We also import nuclear fuels and fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas. 2 The amount of energy supplied within the Swedish energy system has been The energy system is always about the same since the in balance. The energy input is mid-1980s between 550 to always equal to the energy used, 600 TWh per year. including losses. In 2016 the total energy supply in Sweden amounted to 564 TWh. Here follows the energy balance of Sweden in 2016: -5* -5* BiofuelsBiofuels 139 139 Biofuels 87 Crude oilCrude and oilpetroleum and petroleum productsproducts 127 127 Coal and coke 13 NaturalNatural gas and gas and gasworksgasworks gas 11 gas 11 Petroleum products 88 Total fnal energy consumption Other 17Other 17 Natural gas and gasworks gas Total 6 by energy energy NuclearNuclear fuel 17 fuel8 178 commodity supplied Other 6 375 TWh 564 TWh PrimaryPrimary heat 4 heat 4 District heating 50 HydropowerHydropower 62 62 Electricity 125 15 15 Wind powerWind power Non-energy use 39 Losses and non- Coal andCoal coke and 21 coke 21 Transformation- and energy use transmission losses 31 184 TWh Import-exportImport-export electricity electricity -12 -12 Losses in nuclear power plants 115 * Statistical difference between energy supplied and energy used 2016 3 Sweden’s final energy use is divided into three user sectors: Industrial sector: Residential- and Transport sector: mainly mainly biofuels and service sector: petroleum products such as electricity to run mainly district heat, gasoline, diesel oil and jet fuel, processes. electricity and biofuels. but also some electricity and a 142 TWh 146 TWh growing share of biofuels. 87 TWh 375 TWh The energy system 2016 Supplied Energy use energy incl. net export of electricity Net export of Transformation- and electricity 12 TWh transmission losses 145 TWh Nuclear power 178 TWh Electricity generation Hydropower 125 TWh 62 TWh Industry Wind power 142 TWh 15 TWh Heat pumps 4 TWh Heat generation 50 TWh Biofuels Residential- 139 TWh and service 87 TWh 146 TWh Other 17 TWh 6 TWh Domestic transport 107 TWh Fossil fuels 87 TWh 159 TWh Refneries etc. Non-energy use 39 TWh Bunkering for foreign Foreign transport transport 34 TWh 34 TWh 4 ENERGILÄGET 2018 Swedish energy policies stem from the energy policies of the EU The Swedish energy policies aims to gather ecological sustainability, competitiveness and security of supply. Our energy policies are based on lawmaking within the EU. • reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 per cent • reduce energy use by 20 per cent by improved energy effciency EU goals • share of renewable energy shall be at least 20 per cent by 2020 of fnal energy use • share of renewable energy in the transport sector shall be at least 10 per cent • share of renewable energy shall be at least 50 per cent of total energy use by 2020 • share of renewable energy in the transport sector shall be at least 10 per cent by 2020 • energy use shall be 20 per cent more effcient compared to 2008 by 2020 Swedish climate- • greenhouse gas emissions shall be 40 per cent lower and energy goals compared to 1990 by 2020 (applies to operations not covered by the EU ETS (EU Emissions Trading System) • net zero emissions compared to 1990 by 2040, of which at least 85 per cent of the emissions reductions shall be in Sweden • 70 per cent lower greenhouse gas emissions from domestic transport (excluding domestic fight) by 2030 compared to 2010 • 100 per cent renewable electricity generation by 2040 (not a stop date forbidding nuclear power) • 50 per cent more effcient energy use by 2030 Targets of compared to 2005 the energy agreement There are plenty of instruments guiding towards the goals. Using statistics, we can see the development over time in different areas and different sectors, which indicate whether Sweden is on course to reach its goals or if additional measures are needed in terms of revised control means. 5 ENERGILÄGET 2018 Total supplied energy 1970–2016, TWh 700 Primary heat Hydropower Wind power 600 500 400 Nuclear fuel Other fuels 300 Crude oil and petroleum products Natural- and city gas 200 Coal and coke 100 Biofuels 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sources: Swedish Energy Agency and SCB (Statistics Sweden). Remarks: 1) Other fuels are included in biofuels before 1983. 2) Jet fuel for domestic fight is included in crude oil and petroleum products until 1989. 3) Nuclear fuel is calculated according to the method used by UN/ECE to calculate supplied energy from nuclear power. 4) Primary heat refers to heat pumps in district heating. 5) Wind power is included in hydropower until 1989. Over the last 30 years we have seen a steadily increasing supply of biofuels. During the same time span the supply of crude oil and petroleum products has decreased considerably. The main reason is heating of residential buildings and facilities is rarely done using oil anymore. 6 --- Electricity generation 2016, TWh Other thermal power Industrial combined heat and power Combined heat and power (CHP) 0,02 6 Wind power 9 16 62 Hydropower Nuclear power 61 Sources: Swedish Energy Agency and SCB (Statistics Sweden). Remarks: Electricity generation for own use is not included. An increasing amount of solar PV cells is installed in Sweden. Between 2016 and 2017 the number of grid connected solar PV systems increased by over 52 per cent. By the end Currently 58 per cent of of 2017 total number of systems Swedish electricity amounted to about 15 300, with a generation originates from total installed power of 231 MW. renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind power, biofuels and solar power. Final energy use in the transport sector, TWh, 2016 Petroleum products, mainly gasoline and diesel Electricity Natural gas 0,4 accounted for 78 per cent of the energy use in the 3 transport sector in 2016. The last few years the Biofuels 17 amount of biofuels has increased signifcantly. Road transport accounted for 94 per cent of the fnal domestic energy use followed by rail transport (3 per cent), aviation (2,5 per cent) and shipping (0,5 per cent). Petroleum products 68 Final energy use in the residential- and service sector, TWh, 2016 Source: Swedish Energy Agency Petroleum products Natural gas Biofuels 2 Final energy use in the industry sector, 11 TWh, 2016 14 District Electricity heating 73 4 4 District 6 heating Natural 46 gas 9 Other 13 fuels Biofuels 56 Petroleum products Source: Swedish Energy Agency Coal/coke, Electricity 49 Electricity and district heating account for more than including 80 per cent of the energy use in the residential and coal- and blast service sector. furnace gas Source: Swedish Energy Agency Electricity is the most common energy carrier for heating in houses, followed by biofuels and district The pulp- and paper industry accounts for more heating. In multi-dwelling buildings and non- than half of the fnal energy use within the industry residential facilities district heating is by far the most sector. Mainly biofuels and electricity are used in common energy carrier. pulp and paper industrial processes. Petroleum products are used for heating but are The use of fossil fuels; natural gas, petroleum mainly used for machinery in agriculture, foresting, products, coal and coke are decreasing. However, fshing and construction. the use is still extensive, especially within the iron- and steel industry. 8 Total fnal energy use, 1970–2016, TWh 700 Transformation- and transmission Losses in nuclear losses excluding nuclear power power plants 600 Non-energy use 500 400 Energy sector own use 300 Residential and service etc. 200 Domestic transport 100 Industry 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sources: Swedish Energy Agency and SCB (Statistics Sweden). Remarks: 1) Foreign fight is included in fnal energy use until 1989. 2) Own use within the energy sector is included in transformation- and transmission losses until 1982. 3) Losses in nuclear power plants is calculated according the method used by UN/ECE to calculate supplied energy from nuclear power. Energy use in Sweden has decreased during the 2000s with an exception for 2010 which was an unusually cold year. The biggest decline in energy use is due to smaller losses in nuclear power plants which is a consequence of decommissioned nuclear reactors. 9 Energy use in An increasing domestic transport amount of biofuel amounted to 87 TWh in 2016. is used in the In 2016 road transport accounted for 94 per cent of transport sector energy use in the transport sector in Sweden. Final energy use in the transport sector, domestic, 1970–2016, TWh Biofuels 100 Electricity Natural gas 90 Jet fuel 80 70 Fuel oil 1 60 Fuel oil 2–6 Diesel oil 50 40 30 Gasoline 20 10 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Sources: Swedish Energy Agency, SCB (Statistics Sweden), Swedish Transport Agency.