International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal penal international pour le Rwanda ~NlnONS NATIGNJVWES OR: ENG TRIAL CHAMBER I11 Before: Judge Inis M6nica Weinberg de Roca, presiding Judge Khalida Rachid Khan Judge Lee Gacuiga Muthoga Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 18 December 2008 THE PROSECUTOR v. -- .- Protais ZIGIRANYIRAZO Case No. ZCTR-01-73-T JUDGEMENT Off~ceof the Prosecutor: Wallace Kapaya Charity Kagwi-Ndungu Gina Butler Iskandar Ismail Jane Mukangira Counsel for the Accused: John Philvot Peter ~aduk The Prosecutor v . Profais Zigiranyirnzo. Case No . ICTR-01-73-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 4 1. THE TRIBUNALAND ITS JURISDICTION ....................................................................4 2 . THE ACCUSED..................................................................................................... 4 3 . INDICTMENT...................................................................................................... 5 4 . SUMMARYOF PROCEDURALHISTORY ..................................................................... 5 5. OVERVIEWOF THE CASE........................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 11: FACTUAL FINDINGS ....................................................................7 1. PRELIMINARYMATTERS ............................. .... ........................................................ 7 1. 1. Judicial Notice ............................................................................................. 7 1.2. Pending Motions ................................ ...........................................................7 1.3. Allegations on which No Evidence was Presented ......................................... 7 1.4. Alleged Defects in the Indictment .................. ...............................................8 1.4.1 Law on Defects in the Indictment .............................................................8 1.4.2 Meetings ..................................................................................................9 1.4.2.1 Meeting at Presidential Residence in Kanombe, 6 April 1994 ............10 1.4.2.2 Meeting at Umuganda Stadium, April 1994 ................................ .... 12 1.4.2.3 Meetings at Football Field in Nyundo, April 1994.............................. 15 1.4.2.4 Meetings in Kiyovu, mid-April 1994............................................... 18 1.4.2.5 Regular Meetings in Gisenyi Prifecture .............................................19 1.4.2.6 Meeting in Giciye, 1992..................................................................... 20 1.4.3 Other Defects in the Indictment .......................................................... 20 1.4.3.1 Evidence of Conspiracy to Commit Genocide ................................... 20 1.4.3.2 Kiyovu Roadblock .......................................................................... 22 1.5. Alibi ..............................................................................................................24 1.6. Evaluation of Evidence ..................................................................................24 2 . THE AUTHORITYOF THE ACCUSED ......................................................................26 2.1. Indictment .....................................................................................................26 2.2. Evidence ........................................................................................................26 2.3. Deliberations ............................................................................................ 27 3. THEACCUSED AND THE INTERAHAMWE................................................................. 28 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................28 3.2. Involvement in the Creation of the Youth Movement ..................................... 28 3.2.1 Indictment ...........................................................................................28 3.2.2 Evidence ................................................................................................28 3.2.3 Deliberations .........................................................................................30 3.3. Ongoing Involvement ....................................................................................33 3.3.1 Indictment .............................................................................................33 3.3.2 Evidence .......................................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Deliberations ................................................................................... 35 4 . MEETINGSWHERE ATTACKSWERE PLANNED.ORGANISED AND FACILITATED....... 36 4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................36 4.2. Meeting at Presidential Residence in Kanombe, 6 April 1994 ....................... 37 Judgement 1 The Prosecutor v . Profais Zigiranyirazo. Case No . ICTR-01-73-T 4.2.1 Evidence ................................................................................................37 4.2.2 Deliberations ................................................................................... 37 4.3. Meeting at Umuganda Stadium, April 1994 ...................................................38 4.3.1 Evidence .......................................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Deliberations ....................................................................................... 39 4.4. Meetings at Football Field in Nyundo, April 1994 .........................................41 4.4.1 Evidence ................................................................................................41 4.4.2 Deliberations .........................................................................................42 4.5. Meetings in Kiyovu, mid-April 1994 .............................................................43 4.5.1 Evidence ................................................................................................43 4.5.2 Deliberations ...................................................................................... 43 4.6. Regular Meetings in Gisenyi Prefecture ..................................................... 46 4.6.1 Evidence ................................................................................................46 4.6.2 Deliberations.... ...................................................................................... 46 4.7. Meetmg in G~c~ye,1992 .............................. .. ..........................................47 4.7.1 Evidence ................................................................................................47 4.7.2 Deliberations .......................................................................................47 5 . ROADBLOCKS................................................................................................... 47 5.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................47 5.2. Giciye Roadblock and Roadblocks in Gisenyi Generally ...............................48 5.2.1 Indictment .......................................................................................... 48 5.2.2 Evidence ................................................................................................48 5.2.3 Deliberations .........................................................................................51 5.3. La Corniche Roadblock, Gisenyi Town ....................................... ................ 55 5.3.1 Indictment .............................................................................................55 5.3.2 Evidence .............................................................................................. 55 5.3.3 Deliberations .........................................................................................56 5.4. Kiyovu Roadblock ........................... ... .....................................................57 5.4.1 Indictment .............................................................................................57 5.4.2 Evidence ............................................................................................. 58 5.4.3 Deliberations ..................................................................................... 62 6 . MASSACREAT KESHOHILL ..................................................................................67 6.1. Indictment .....................................................................................................67 6.2. Evidence .......................................................................................................68 6.3. Deliberations ................................................................................................79 7 . MASSACREAT RLJRUNGAHILL ............................................................................ 88 7.1. Indictment ...................................................................................................88 7.2. Evidence ........................................................................................................88 7.3. Deliberations ................................................................................................ 89 8 . MURDEROF THREEGENDARMES .......................................................................... 91 8.1. Indictment ..................................................................................................