Dependency of Russian Villages on Forest Resources National Analytical Report, Russia October 2014 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content, findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this publication are the sole responsibility of the FLEG II (ENPI East) Programme Team (www.enpi-fleg.org) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations. Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Forests and forest use in Russia ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Rationale ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Study area........................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Method of sampling ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Number of households .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.4 Timeline................................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.5 Field implementation and problems ....................................................................................................... 7 2.6 Local unit conversion ..................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Study area characteristics .................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1. North-West Russia ........................................................................................................................................ 9 3.1.1. Large village, Bezhanitsy................................................................................................................ 10 3.1.2. Medium village, Krasnyi Luch....................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3. Small village, Tsevlo ......................................................................................................................... 13 3.2. Altai .................................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.1. Large village, Tyumentsevo .......................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2. Medium village, Volchno-Burlinskoe ......................................................................................... 16 3.2.3. Small village, Yeltsovka .................................................................................................................. 18 3.3. RFE .................................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.1. Large village, Mukhen ...................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.2. Medium village, Sita .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.3. Small village, Sikachi-Alan ............................................................................................................. 22 4. Results and discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Income share by source ............................................................................................................................ 24 a. NW Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 24 b. Altai ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 c. Far East ................................................................................................................................................... 27 d. Russia, overall ...................................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Frequency and value of forest products ............................................................................................ 29 a. NW Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 29 1 b. Altai ............................................................................................................................................................ 30 c. Far East ................................................................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Fuelwood .......................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Cash and subsistence of forest products.......................................................................................... 34 a. NW Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 34 b. Altai ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 c. Far East ................................................................................................................................................... 35 4.5 RFI over income quintiles ......................................................................................................................... 36 a. NW Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 36 b. Altai ............................................................................................................................................................ 37 c. Far East ................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.6 RFI over asset groups ................................................................................................................................ 39 a. NW Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 39 b. Altai ............................................................................................................................................................ 40 c. Far East ................................................................................................................................................... 40 4.7 Most Important Products ........................................................................................................................... 41 a. NW Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 41 b. Altai ............................................................................................................................................................ 42 c. Far East ................................................................................................................................................... 44 5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 44 6. References .............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Websites: .................................................................................................................................................................. 45 Cover photo reference: ...................................................................................................................................... 46 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Forests and forest use in Russia Forests are the main type of vegetation Russia occupying 45% of its territory. Russia has the world's largest forest resources. For 1993, the area of the forest woodland was 886.5 million hectares, and the total timber volume - 80.7 billion cubic meters, representing respectively 21.7 and 25.9% of the world resources. The excess of the second