Printed: November 2009 Authorship: Global SMART Programme Global team: Dr. Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientific Section Dr. Barbara Remberg, Scientific Affairs Officer Mr. Matthew Nice, ATS Expert East Asia team: Ms. Deepika Naruka, Regional Programme Coordinator Mr. Tun Nay Soe, Information and Database Systems Specialist Mr. Johannes Lund, ATS Analyst Disclaimer: This document has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in the document does not employ the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area under its authority or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers and boundaries. Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Other Drugs in East and South-East Asia (and neighbouring regions) 2009 A Report from the Global SMART Programme November 2009 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Table of contents Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................................i Foreword...................................................................................................................................................ii Abbreviations..........................................................................................................................................iii Notes to the reader..................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................1 Background and Method.........................................................................................................................4 Regional Overviews.................................................................................................................................7 East and South-East Asia....................................................................................................................8 Pacific Island States..........................................................................................................................24 South Asia...........................................................................................................................................30 National Reports....................................................................................................................................35 Australia..............................................................................................................................................36 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................36 Patterns and trends in drug use........................................................................................................36 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................38 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................40 Summary, emerging trends and concerns........................................................................................41 Brunei Darussalam.............................................................................................................................42 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................42 Patterns and trends of drug use........................................................................................................42 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................43 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................45 Summary, emerging trends and concerns.........................................................................................45 Cambodia............................................................................................................................................46 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................46 Patterns and trends of drug use........................................................................................................46 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................47 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................50 Summary, emerging trends and concerns.........................................................................................52 China....................................................................................................................................................54 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................54 Patterns and trends of drug use........................................................................................................54 Arrests, seizure and price data.........................................................................................................55 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................58 Summary, emerging trends and concerns.........................................................................................59 Indonesia.............................................................................................................................................62 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................62 Patterns and trends of drug use........................................................................................................62 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................63 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................65 Summary, emerging trends and concern..........................................................................................66 Japan...................................................................................................................................................68 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................68 Patterns and trends of drug use........................................................................................................68 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................69 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................70 Summary, emerging trends and concerns.........................................................................................70 Republic of Korea...............................................................................................................................72 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................72 Patterns and trends of drug use.......................................................................................................72 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................72 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................74 Summary, emerging trends and concerns.........................................................................................75 Lao PDR...............................................................................................................................................76 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................76 Patterns and trends of drug use........................................................................................................76 Arrest, seizure and price data...........................................................................................................77 Treatment data..................................................................................................................................79 Summary, emerging trends and concerns........................................................................................79 Malaysia...............................................................................................................................................80 Overview of drug use........................................................................................................................80