THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES BY KARL MARX AND FREDERICK ENGELS PORTAGE PUBLICATIONS © 1937, 1940 by International Publishers Co., Inc. All rights reserved First Edition, 1937 Second Edition, 1940 This book is republished by Portage Publications, Inc. with the kind permission of International Publishers Co., Inc. First Portage Edition, 2000, 2003 Master created December 11, 2003, 10:52 pm. Printed in the United States of America Portage Publications, Inc. Colorado Springs, Colorado www.portagepub.com Portage Publications is grateful for the kind permission of International Publishers Co., Inc. to republish this out-of-print book. As consideration for this permission, we agreed to include the following statement: “A fuller translation, with notes, of items in Part I and Part II are available in Volume 19 of the Marx-Engels COLLECTED WORKS. Items in Part III are found in Vols. 41 and 42 of the COLLECTED WORKS, and Items 1 and 3 of the Appendix in Vol. 20. Available from your bookstore, or from International Publishers, 212-366-9816, fax -9820, at $24.95 per volume.” CONTENTS EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION . .8 PART I ARTICLES FROM THE NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE (1861–1862) By Karl Marx 1. The American Question in England . .20 2. The British Cotton Trade . .31 3. The London Times on the Orleans Princes in America . .35 4. The Intervention in Mexico . .39 5. The News and its Effect in London . .46 6. Progress of Feeling in England . .51 7. English Public Opinion. .56 PART II ARTICLES FROM THE VIENNA PRESSE (1861–1862) By Karl Marx and Frederick Engels 1. The North American Civil War . .62 4 THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES 2. The Civil War in the United States . .75 3. The Crisis in England . .84 4. Economic Notes. .87 5. Intervention in Mexico . .90 6. The Dismissal of Frémont. .94 7. The Trent Case . .96 8. The Anglo-American Conflict . .100 9. The Principal Actors in the Trent Drama. .104 10. The Controversies over the Trent Case. .106 11. The Washington Cabinet and the Western Powers. .112 12. The Opinion of the Journals and the Opinion of the People . .114 13. French News Humbug—Economic Consequences of War . .118 14. A Pro-America Meeting. .119 15. The History of Seward’s Suppressed Dispatch. .122 16. A Coup d’Etat of Lord John Russell . .124 17. A London Workers’ Meeting. .126 18. Anti-Intervention Feeling . .129 19. On the Cotton Crisis. .131 20. The Parliamentary Debate on the Address . .134 21. American Affairs. .137 22. The Secessionists’ Friends in the Lower House Rec- ognition of the American Blockade . .141 23. The American Civil War [I] . .144 24. The American Civil War [II]. .150 25. An International Affaire Mires . .154 26. The English Press and the Fall of New Orleans . .156 27. A Treaty Against the Slave Trade . .158 28. The Situation in the American Theater of War. .160 29. English Humanity and America . .164 30. A Suppressed Debate on Mexico and the Alliance with France . .167 31. A Criticism of American Affairs . .169 32. Abolitionist Demonstrations in America . .172 33. The Situation in North America. .174 34. The Dismissal of McClellan . .178 CONTENTS 5 35. English Neutrality—The Situation in the Southern States . .181 PART III CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN KARL MARX AND FREDERICK ENGELS (1860–1866) 1. Marx to Engels Jan. 11, 1860 . .184 2. Engels to Marx Jan. 26, 1860 . .185 3. Engels to Marx Jan. 7, 1861 . .185 4. Marx to Engels June 9, 1861 . .185 5. Engels to Marx June 12, 1861 . .186 6. Marx to Engels July 1, 1861 . .188 7. Engels to Marx July 3, 1861 . .189 8. Marx to Engels July 5, 1861 . .190 9. Engels to Marx Nov. 27, 1861 . .194 10. Marx to Engels Dec. 9, 1861 . .194 11. Marx to Engels Dec. 19, 1861 . .194 12. Marx to Engels March 3, 1862. .196 13. Engels to Marx March 5, 1862. .196 14. Marx to Engels March 6, 1862. .197 15. Marx to Engels April 28, 1862 . .198 16. Engels to Marx May 5, 1862 . .199 17. Marx to Engels May 6, 1862 . .200 18. Engels to Marx May 12, 1862 . .201 19. Engels to Marx May 23, 1862 . .201 20. Marx to Engels May 27, 1862 . .204 21. Engels to Marx May 29, 1862 . .205 22. Engels to Marx June 4, 1862 . .205 23. Engels to Marx July 30, 1862 . .207 24. Marx to Engels July 30, 1862 . .209 25. Marx to Engels Aug. 7, 1862 . .209 26. Engels to Marx Sept. 9, 1862 . .210 27. Marx to Engels Sept. 10, 1862 . .211 28. Engels to Marx Oct. 16, 1862 . .212 6 THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES 29. Marx to Engels Oct. 29, 1862 . .212 30. Engels to Marx Nov. 5, 1862 . .214 31. Engels to Marx Nov. 15, 1862 . .214 32. Marx to Engels Nov. 17, 1862 . .215 33. Marx to Engels Nov. 20, 1862 . .217 34. Engels to Marx Dec. 30, 1862 . .217 35. Marx to Engels Jan. 2, 1863 . .218 36. Marx to Engels Feb. 13, 1863. .219 37. Engels to Marx Feb. 17, 1863. .219 38. Marx to Engels March 24, 1863. .220 39. Engels to Marx June 11, 1863 . .220 40. Marx to Engels July 6, 1863 . .221 41. Marx to Engels Aug. 15, 1863 . .221 42. Marx to Engels May 26, 1864 . .222 43. Engels to Marx May 30, 1864 . .222 44. Marx to Engels June 7, 1864 . .223 45. Engels to Marx June 9, 1864 . .223 46. Engels to Marx Sept. 4, 1864 . .223 47. Marx to Engels Sept. 7, 1864 . .225 48. Engels to Marx Nov. 9, 1864 . .226 49. Marx to Engels Dec. 2, 1864 . .226 50. Marx to Engels Feb. 6, 1865. .227 51. Engels to Marx Feb. 7, 1865. .227 52. Marx to Engels Feb. 10, 1865. .227 53. Marx to Engels March 4, 1865. .228 54. Engels to Marx April 16, 1865 . .228 55. Marx to Engels May 1, 1865 . .228 56. Engels to Marx May 3, 1865 . .228 57. Marx to Engels May 9, 1865 . .229 58. Marx to Engels May 20, 1865 . .229 59. Marx to Engels June 24, 1865 . .229 60. Engels to Marx July 15, 1865 . .230 61. Marx to Engels April 23, 1866 . .231 CONTENTS 7 APPENDIX 1. Address of the International Workingmen’s Associa- tion to Abraham Lincoln. .233 2. The American Ambassador’s Reply to Address of the International Workingmen’s Association . .235 3. Address of the International Workingmen’s Associa- tion to President Johnson . .236 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX . .239 GENERAL INDEX . .247 EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION THE struggle between revolution and counter-revolution, which agitated the American scene from 1861 to 1865, was followed with great interest by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Their appraisal of the “first grand war of contemporaneous history,” contained within the present volume in the form of newspaper articles and extracts from a voluminous correspondence, clearly shows the progressive and revolutionary character of the American conflict. The articles appeared originally in 1861 and 1862 in the New York Daily Tribune and the Vienna Presse. Though essentially the work of Marx, they were written in close collaboration with Engels. Marx’s connection with the Daily Tribune dates back to the close of 1851 when Charles Dana, hop- ing to recruit new readers, especially from the ranks of the German immi- grant element, invited Marx to write a series of articles on conditions in Germany. Marx eagerly accepted the offer for two reasons. In the first place, the New York newspaper with its 200,000 readers was one of the most influ- ential periodicals in America and as such, could be used as an excellent medium for the dissemination of his views. Secondly, the American journal.