Archaeology of the Lower Fraser River Region Edited by Mike K. Rousseau Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... v PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1. Lower Fraser River Region Landscapes – Mike K. Rousseau ............................................................... 1 LOWER FRASER CANYON SUB-REGION Chapter 2. Archaeological Petroforms of the Lower Fraser River Canyon – Kisha Supernant .......................... 13 Chapter 3. The Significance of Linear Grooves at Petroglyph Site DjRi-31 near Yale, B.C. – Jordan Eng ............................................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 4. The South Yale Blockfield: An Enigmatic Landform in the Lower Fraser River Canyon, B.C. – Pierre Friele ................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 5. Previous Archaeological Investigations and Mid-Holocene Subsistence Practices at the South Yale Site (DjRi 7) – Mike K. Rousseau and Vanessa P. Chang ............................................ 39 Chapter 6. Excavations in Captain Charlie’s Pithouse at Ts’qó:ls Village (DiRi 1), Hope, B.C. – Jeanne E. Arnold, David M. Schaepe, and Naxaxalhts’i (Albert ‘Sonny’ McHalsie) .............................. 51 Chapter 7. Cultures in Conflict: Archaeology of Colonialism in the Fraser Canyon – Brian Pegg .................... 61 FRASER VALLEY SUB-REGION Chapter 8. Archaeological Basketry from the Fraser Valley: A Technological and Stylistic Review – Kathryn Bernick ....................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 9. Excavations at Iy’oythel: A Ts’elxwéyeqw Pithouse Settlement in the Chilliwack River Valley – David M. Schaepe and Mike K. Rousseau ....................................................................... 79 Chapter 10. High Elevation Archaeology and Cognitive Ecology in the North Cascades of British Columbia with a View to and from Lhílheqey (Mount Cheam) – David M. Schaepe .......... 87 Chapter 11. Choppers in Context at the Mccallum Site – Dana Lepofsky and Michael Lenert ............................. 95 Chapter 12. Excavation at Lhó:leqwet Rock Shelter on the Harrison River – Morgan Ritchie and Chris Springer ............................................................................................................................... 105 Chapter 13. Six Facets of Quartz Crystal Tools from the Stave River – Duncan McLaren and Brendan Gray ....................................................................................................................................... 113 Chapter 14. Sturgeon as Staple: Fishing Strategy at the Ruskin Dam Site (DhRo-59) on the Stave River – Brendan Gray, Becky Wigen, and Duncan McLaren ................................................... 119 Continued… Table of Contents | iii Table of Contents (Continued). Chapter 15. The Early and Middle Pre-Contact Periods at Fort Langley National Historic Site (DhRp-36) – Stanley A. Copp ............................................................................................................. 125 Chapter 16. Cultural Chronology and Spatial Lithic Analysis at DhRp-52 - Emily Wilkerson ....................... 133 Chapter 17. Pre-Contact Period Use of Sling Weaponry in Pitt Polder – Ryan Sagarbarria ............................ 141 NORTH LAKES SUB-REGION Chapter 18. The Occupational History of the Stave Watershed – Duncan McLaren ........................................ 149 Chapter 19. An Overview of the Port Douglas Town-Site (DkRm-1) – Michael Taylor ................................... 159 Chapter 20. Holocene Human Occupation and Use of the Slapus/Lelachen Locality in the Lower Lillooet River Valley – Adrian Sanders and Peter Merchant .............................................................. 165 Chapter 21. An Early Period Occupation at Lelachen (DkRn-1) in the Lower Lillooet River Valley – Peter Vigneault and Ryan Dickie .......................................................................................................... 173 FRASER DELTA SUB-REGION Chapter 22. The Marpole Site – the Great Fraser Midden: A Retrospective of Archaeology and Historical Changes – Bruce F. Ball .................................................................................................... 179 Chapter 23. Wet Site Components of St. Mungo (DgRr-2) and Glenrose (DgRr-6) Canneries – Morley Eldridge .................................................................................................................................. 193 Chapter 24. Archaeology of Asian Labour Migration at a Fraser River Salmon Cannery – Douglas E. Ross ................................................................................................................................... 201 MATERIAL CULTURE, SETTLEMENT AND SUBSISTENCE Chapter 25. Early Houses in the Lower Fraser River Region – Andrew Mason ............................................... 209 Chapter 26. Rock Art of the Lower Fraser River Region – Chris Arnett .......................................................... 217 Chapter 27. Ground Stone Celt Production and Use in the Lower Fraser River Region – Jesse Morin ........ 229 Chapter 28. Plant Production Practices of Ancient First Nations in the Lower Fraser River Region – Natasha Lyons ..................................................................................................................... 237 Chapter 29. The Fraser River Salish as Innovators – Roy L. Carlson ................................................................. 247 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................... 259 iv | Table of Contents .