Cleomaceae Cleomaceae: Webedition 1 (2012) http://data.rbge.org.uk/publications/FloraofNepal/library/Cleomaceae/1 Editors Mark F. Watson, Shinobu Akiyama, Hiroshi Ikeda, Colin A. Pendry, Keshab R. Rajbhandari, Krishna K. Shrestha Authors Gordon C. Tucker, Krishna K. Shrestha & Jyoti P. Gajurel Genera in this account Arivela (p.4) Cleome (p.2) Cleoserrata (p.3) Gynandropsis (p.5) Tarenaya (p.3) Published on 05 July 2012 by Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH2 5LR, UK This PDF Webedition will be permanently available and citable using the URL specified at the top of this page. Family accounts have numbered pages so indivdual pages can be cited. Previous and future editions can also be accessed via the project website (www.floraofnepal/PDFLibrary). © text and images, except where individually credited, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK The Society of Himalayan Botany, University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113- 0033, Japan 2011 All rights reserved. Every effort has been made to trace holders of copyright in text and illustrations. Should there be any inadvertent omissions or errors the publishers will be pleased to correct them for future editions. Appendices 1: Illustration plates 2: Format, abbreviations and categories used in Flora of Nepal See printed volumes of the Flora of Nepal (www.rbge.org.uk/publications/floraofnepal) and the project website (www.floraofnepal.org) for further information on the Flora of Nepal and acknowledgement of the institutes and people involved with this international collaborative project. Cleomaceae Cleomaceae Gordon C. Tucker, Krishna K. Shrestha & Jyoti P. Gajurel Annual or perennial herbs. Stems erect, sparsely or profusely branched , glabrous or glandular pubescent. Stipules absent, scale-like or spiny. Petioles often pulvinate at apex, petiolar spines sometimes present. Leaves spiral, palmately compound. Leaflets 3–9, venation pinnate, bases of petioles fused into a pulvinar disc. Inflorescences racemose, pedunculate. Bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (due to incomplete development in upper flowers), actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, pedicellate, without bracteoles, rotate to campanulate. Sepals 4, equal, free or connate basally, persistent. Petals 4, free, imbricate; intrastaminal nectary-disk or glands present. Stamens 6 or 14–25. Filaments free, or fused to the gynophore, glabrous or pubescent. Anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pistil 1, bicarpellate. Ovary superior, sessile or on a short gynophore. Ovules 1–many per locule. Style 1, straight, short, thick. Stigma 1, capitate, unlobed. Fruit an elongate capsule, usually stipitate. Seeds 4–40(–100), tan to yellowish brown or brown, arillate or not, cochleate-reniform, papillose or tuberculate. Worldwide 17 genera and about 150 species, in tropical and temperate regions. Five genera and five species in Nepal. There is only one true Cleome in Nepal. Other native and non-native species formerly included in Cleome are placed in Arivela Raf., Cleoserrata H. H. Iltis, Gynandropsis DC. and Tarenaya Raf. following Iltis & Cochrane (Novon 17: 447. 2007). Key to Genera 1a Plants with stipular spines and sometimes with prickles on petioles and leaf veins. ..................................... 3. Tarenaya b Unarmed plants without spines and prickles ...................................................................................................................2 2a Filaments fused to lower half of gynophore (androgynophore present)................................................ 5. Gynandropsis b Filaments free from gynophore (androgynophore absent) ..............................................................................................3 3a Bracts subtending pedicels small, subulate............................................................................................... 2. Cleoserrata b Bracts subtending pedicels with expanded blades, trifoliate ...........................................................................................4 4a Gynophore present. Stamens 6. Sepals partially connate................................................................................ 1. Cleome b Gynophore absent. Stamens 14–25. Sepals free.............................................................................................. 4. Arivela 1. Cleome L. , Sp. Pl. 2: 671 (1753). Annual herbs. Stem sparsely branched , glabrous or glandular pubescent, lacking spines. Stipules absent or scale-like, caducous. Leaflets 3. Inflorescences flat-topped or elongate, terminal or axillary. Pedicels bracteate. Flowers campanulate, slightly zygomorphic . Sepals connate initially, later free, each often subtending a basal nectary. Petals equal. Stamens 6, free. Filaments inserted on a discoid or conical receptacle (androgynophore). Gynophore slender, elongating and recurving in fruit. Ovules many. Style short. Stigma capitate. Fruit a dehiscent oblong or linear, 2-valved capsule. Seeds 4–25, reniform, arillate, striate-verrucose. Worldwide about 20 species in warm temperate and tropical areas with centre of diversity in SW Asia. One introduced species in Nepal. 1. Cleome rutidosperma DC., Prodr. 1: 241 (1824). lanceolate, ciliate-margined, glabrous, +/- persistent. Petals Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. white or speckled with purple, the two central ones with a yellow transverse band on the back, 7–10 × 1.5–2.3 mm, Herbs to 30–100 cm. Stems glabrous to slightly scabrous or oblong to narrowly ovate. Filaments yellow, 5–7 mm. Anthers sometimes glandular pubescent. Stipules ca. 0.5 mm, scale- purplish-brown, 1–2 mm. Pistil 2–3 mm, glabrous. Gynophore like or absent. Petioles 0.5–3.5 cm, winged proximally. Leaflets 4–12 mm. Style 0.5–1.4 mm. Fruit a capsule, 40–70 × 3–4 mm, oblanceolate to rhomboid-elliptic, 1.0–3.5 × 0.5–1.7 cm, base striate. Seeds reddish brown to black, with white funicular aril, rounded to subcuneate, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes slender, 1–1.5 mm, striate-verrucose. acuminate, margins entire to serrulate-ciliate, glabrous above, with curved hairs on veins below, especially when young. Distribution: Asia, Africa, N America, S America and Inflorescences 2–4 cm, enlarging to 8–15 cm in fruit. Bracts Australasia. leaf-like, trifoliate, 1–3.5 cm. Pedicels 11–21 mm, enlarging to 18–30 mm in fruit. Sepals yellow, 2.5–4 × 0.2–0.3 mm, Cleomaceae Ecology: Weed of paddy fields, stream-sides, wetlands. Grows in the open or under shade. Flowering: June–September. Fruiting: June–September. Native of Africa, introduced in several tropical and warm temperate countries. Altitudinal range: 100–500 m. 2. Cleoserrata H.H.Iltis , Novon 17(4): 447 (2007). Annual herbs. Stem sparsely or profusely branched, glabrous, sometimes with petiolar spines. Stipules absent. Petioles long or short, with pulvinus at distal or basal end. Leaflets 5–9. Inflorescences flat-topped or elongate, terminal or axillary. Pedicels with small, subulate bracts. Flowers unisexual ( due to incomplete development of stamens in upper flowers), rotate. Sepals free, each often subtending a basal nectary. Petals equal. Stamens 6. Filaments inserted on a discoid or conical receptacle (androgynophore). Gynophore slender, elongating and recurving in fruit. Fruit a dehiscent oblong capsule. Seeds 10–30, reniform, not arillate. Worldwide five species in N and S America. One species in Nepal. 1. Cleoserrata speciosa (Raf.) H.H.Iltis, Novon 17(4): 448 Distribution: Nepal, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia, N America (2007). and S America. Cleome speciosa Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 86 (1817); Cleome speciosissima Deppe ex Lindl.; Gynandropsis speciosa (Kunth) DC. nom. illegit. Herbs to 0.5–1.5 m. Stems simple or sparsely branched , fluted, glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent. Stipules absent. Petioles 2–12 cm, glandular pubescent. Leaflets 5–9, narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, 6–15 × 1–5 cm, base attenuate, entire to serrulate, glabrate to glandular-pubescent above and below. Inflorescences 15–50 cm, enlarging to 20–60 cm in fruit, glandular pubescent. Bracts ovate-cordate, 3–18 mm. Pedicels Altitudinal range: 700–1800 m. 10–50 mm, glabrous. Sepals green, lanceolate, 4–7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, cuneate, entire, glandular-pubescent, persistent. Petals Ecology: Cultivated and sometimes semi-naturalized on river brilliant pink to purple, fading to pink or white by the second banks or open places. day, rarely initially white, ovate, clawed, 4, 15–42 × 8–11 mm. Stamens green, filaments fused to gynophore for 1/3–1/2 its Flowering: June–December. Fruiting: August–November. length, 40–85 mm. Anthers green, 6–10 mm. Pistil 6–10 mm. Gynophore with the scars from the filaments visible for about Native to Mexico and C America, introduced and widespread in 1/4 its length. Style 1–1.2 mm. Capsule cylindric, but irregularly gardens, with white-flowered plants not uncommon. Strongly contracted between seeds, 60–150 × 3–5 mm. Seeds pale resembling Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) H.H.Iltis, but green to brown, subspherical, 2.5–3.5 × 1.0–1.2 mm, considering its unique floral morphology and cytology, it is a tuberculate. species that is difficult to place. Although it has been placed in Fig. 1d-h Gynandropsis it is not closely related to that genus, which has a distinctive elongated androgynophore. 3. Tarenaya Raf. , Sylva Tellur.: 111 (1838). Annual herbs. Stem sparsely branched , prickly, glandular pubescent. Stipules spinose. Petioles