Report on the Progress of Education in the Punjab during the quin­ quennium ending 1916-17. Revised List o! Agents for the Sale of PanJab Government Publications. I n thb U n it id K ingdom. In Ln>u. CoNSTABLB & Co., 10, Orange Street, A. C haxd & Co., Imperial Book DepSt Leicester Square, London, W . C. Office, Delhi. K hgan Paul, T eenoh, T bubnbb & Co., Limited, 68-74, Carter Lane, E, C., G ulab Singh & Sons, Mufid-i-’An» and 25, Musemn Street, London, Press, Lahore. W.C. Manager, Punjab Law Book Dep6t, B eknabd Q uabitch, 11, Grafton Street, AnarkaU Bazar, Lahore. New Bond Street, London, W . T . F ishbr U nwin, Limited, No. 1, R ama K rishna & Sons, Book-sellera Adelphi Terrace, London, W . C. and News Agents, Ajiaiiali Street, P. S. K ino & Son, 2 & 4, Great Lahore. Smith Street, Westminster, London, H onorary Sbcbetaey, Punjab Reli­ S . W. gious Book Society, Anarkali, H . S. K ino & Co., 65, Comhill, and 9, Lahore. Pall Mall, London. G bin dlat & Co., 54, Parliament Street, N , B. Mathtte, Superintendent and London, S. W . Proprietor, Nazir Kanun Hind Press, W . .T hacker & Co., 2, Creed Lane, Allahabad. London, E . C. D . B. T araporbvala, Sons & C o , L ttzao & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, Bombay. Loidon, W . C. T haokbr SfiNK & Co., Calcutta and B . H . B lackw ell, 50 & 51, Broad Simla. Street, Oxford. D eiqhton B e l l & Co., Limited, Cam­ N bwmam as Co., Calcutta. bridge. R. Caub&at & Co.j Calcutta. Oliv e r & Botd, TweeddaJe Court, Edinburgh. T hacker & Co., Bombay. E . PONSONBT, Limited, 113, Grafton Street, Dublin. HiaaiNBOTHAHs, Limited, Madras. W illia m W eslet & Son, 28, Essex T. F ish er U nwin, Calcutta. Street, Strand, London. V . K alyanarau I y e r & Co., 189, On the C ontinint. Esplanade Row, Madras. E rnest Le^xoitx, 28, ^ue Bonaparte, G . A. Natesan Co., Madras. Paris, France. & MABTiNua N u h oit, The Hague, Hol­ SUPERrUTENDENT, AMERICAN B aPTMI land. Misbion Press, Rangoon. REPORT ON TH E PROGRESS OF EDUCATION IN TH E PUNJAB During the quinquennium ending 1916- 17. Lahore : PBINTBD B5T THE SUPERINTENDENT, QOVEBNMENT PBINTINQ, PUNJAB; 1917. CONTENTS. PlM. C hapters. I .— General Snmmary ... ... ,,, 1 II.— Controlling Agencies ... ... 3 I II.— Collegiate Eduoation ... ... 7 I V .— Secondary Education (Boys) ... ... ... 15 V .— Primary Education (Boys) ... ... 23 V I.— The Training of Teachers ... ... ... 31 V I I .— Professional, Technical and Special Education... ... 86 V I I I .— Education of Indian Women ... ... ... 41 I X .— Education of Europeans ... ... 47 X .— Education of Special Classes ... ... 68 X I .— Miscellaneous ••• ••• It* 57 A ffbndices. A .— (0 Salaries of Anglo-vernacular Teachers in Government and Aided High Schools in 1917 ... ... (ti) Salaries of Vernacular and Oriental Teachers in Government High Schools and Aided High Schools in 1917 ••• ... ... (»»t) Salaries of Teachers in District Board Vernacular Middle and Primary Schools in 1912 and 1917 ... B.— Annual Report on Medical Inspection of Schools, Ambala Division by B. Mula Singh, M .B., B.S. ... 3 C .— ^Note on the progress of female education in Lahore during the last 80 years by Miss M . Bose ... 5 D .— Note on Kindergarten methods in Girls' Schools by Miss M. E. Hart ... ... ... ... 6 E.— Teaching of Science in the Punjab Schools by Lala Ratan Lai, M.A • ••• 7 T ables.— I.— Abstract statement of colleges, schools and scholars ... i II.— Abstract statement of expenditure on public instruction ... ii-iii I I I .— Colleges, schools and scholars ... ... ... iv-vii I l l A.— Number of scholars classified according to sex, race or • •• • creed ... .•■ ••. ... vm-uc I I I B .— Number of European colleges, schools and scholars ... x-xi l Y — Expenditure on public instruction ... ... X ii-X T I V A.— Expenditure on public instruction (Europeans) ... xvi-xvii V .— Stages for instruction of pupils in public schools for general education ... ... , ... xviii-xix "V A.— Table showing the number of pupils in each stage of instruc­ tion classified according to sex, race or creed X X - X X' l V I .— Results of the prescribed, examinations. Supplement to general table V I ... ' ... ... xxii-xxxiii V II,— Return showing the distribution of local boards and muni­ cipal expenditure on public instruction ... xxxiv-xxxtii V III.— Attendance and expenditure in hostels and boarding houses xxxviii I X .— Number and qualifications of teachers ... ... xxxix X .— Classification of pupils by ages ... ... ... xl X I — Statement showing particTilars of Muktabs, Mnlla schools and Patshalas ... ... ... ... xli X I I .— Supplementary return showing particulars of Vernacular Primary Schools for boys by districts ... ... xlii-xliii Procaedlngs of His Honour tlie Lieutenant-Governor of tlio Panjab in the Home (General) Department, No. 1607, dated Zlat January 1918. R kad— The Eeport of the Director of Public InstractioB, Punjab, for the quinquennium ending the 31st March 1917. E e m a r k b .— Some of the leading features of the present report have already been referred toby the Lieutenant-Governor in his Convocation address last December. The total expenditure for the year 1916-17 is E s. 109 lakhs as compared with 69 in 1911-12. Students of all classes number 477,000 as compared with 381,000, and the number of institutions has risen from 7,400 to 9,400. Many new buildings have been erected, both by Gov­ ernment and by local or communal bodies receiving building grants from Government, the number of trained teachers has almost doubled and there has been a marked improvement in the pay and prospects of teachers, so that in the lower grades, at any rate, the teaching profession is now able to hold its own in the market. This progress has been largely due to the liberal grants made by the Government of India, amounting in all to a total of just over half a crore of rupees, three-quarters of which was non-recurring. 2. On the other hand, during the last two years of the period undei’ review, the rate of progress has been retarded by the war. Imperial grants have been reduced ; the scheme for the construction of a second Government College outside Lahore has been in abeyance, several appointments sanc­ tioned before the war have not been filled and more than one member of the staff of the Government College, Lahore, has joined the Indian Army Beserve of Officers; the Sanawar .Training Class has been depleted of half its members, and the project of opening a second Training College at Jullundur has been postponed. 3. There has been a very marked difference between municipalities and district boards in regard to the encouragement of primary education. The Gov­ ernment of India Resolution of 21st February 1913 on Indian Educational Policy emphasized the necessity for “ the widest possible extension of primary educa­ tion on a voluntary basis.” The Director deplores the failure of munici­ pal committees to realize their obligations in this respect, and the Lieuten­ ant-Governor observes that the municipalities he pillories include some of the most important in the province, such as those of Amritsar, Ludhiina and Jullundur. Mr. Richey’s explanation is that municipal councillors, as a rule, mainly think of providing the education required by the well-to-do classes to which they themselves belong, and tend to ignore the claims of primary education. If this view is correct, the indictment is a serious one and the committees in question should do what they can to remove the reproach. It is refreshing to learn that the net expenditure of the district boards, apart from Imperial grants, has risen during the last five years from 8 to 18 lakhs, the greater part of which has been devoted to primary and vernacular education. The system of fixed grants per school for vernacular education has again been subjected to criticism on the ground that it makes no allowance for the growth of expenditure on schools already in existence. It should not be difficult to remedy this defect, and the Lieutenant-Governor will be interested to learn what solution has been suggested by the Committee which recently sat to consider the matter. The District Boards of Lyallpur, Jhelum and Feroze- pore have been specially commended for their practical encouragement of primary schools. 4. Collegiate education has shown considerable extension during the quinquennium, the number of students having risen from 2,462 to 4,221. Expenditure on new college buildings amounted to about lakhs while recurring expenditure rose to 6| lakhs, an increase of 78 per cent. It is satisfactory to record that 48 per cent, of the total expenditure was met from fees. Of the ten Arts Colleges in the province, seven are situated in Lahore, where greater facilities exist for the pursuit of higher studies, and are in close proximity to one another forming as it were an academic quarter of the town. The Director comments favourably on the mutual relations between the Colleges, and on the general behaviour of the students. It is )erhaps open to question whether the capital of the province is an ideal '.ocality for a large residential rniversity, bi\t in the Punjab we have mado our choice and must abide by it. The pressure on accommodation in Lahore may be alleviated in time by the conetruction of second grade colleges in out­ lying districts, like that recently opened at Gujranwala. To what extent the graduates of the University are able to find employ­ ment is a question on vehich the Eeport does not touch. The dearth of occu­ pations formed the subject of more than one of Dr. Ewing’s Convocation addressee, and it would be interesting to know how far the country in its present stage of advancement is able to absorb the output of the University.