MINISTRY of ENERGETICS of REPUBLIC of BELARUS PROJECTING SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH REPUBLIC UNITARY ENTERPRISE "BELNIPIENERGOPROM" DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS PROJECTING SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH REPUBLICAN UNITARY ENTERPRISE "BELNIPIENERGOPROM" JUSTIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS INTO NUCLEAR POWER STATION CONSTRUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS BOOK 11 EVALUATION OF IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 1588-ПЗ-ОИ4 PART 8 EIE REPORT Part 8.2. Current condition of ambient environment EXPLANATORY NOTE (Revision 06.07.2010) Director A.N. Rykov Assistant director B.B. Bobrov Project chief engineer A.I. Strelkov 2010 176 Contents Designation Nomination Page 13 Characteristic of ambient environment 1588–ПЗ–ОИ4 Part 8.2 177 13.1 Geological medium 177 13.2 Chemical and Radioactive Pollution 195 13.3 Meteorological and aerological 224 conditions 13.4 Surface waters. Quantitative and qualitive 254 adjectives 13.5 Assessment of aquatic ecosystems 281 in the 30-km nuclear plant zone 13.6 Groundwater. Assessment of 298 current state 13.7 Soil. Agriculture 307 Agro-ecosystem radiation risk assessment 13.8 Landscapes, flora, fauna 312 13.9 Population and demography 328 13.10 Historical and Cultural Heritage 337 of the Ostrovetskil region 341 13.11 Summary 177 13 CHARACTERISTIC OF AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT 13 .1 Geological medium 13.1.1 General characteristic of geomorphologic peculiarities, geological and structurally tectonic composition Geomorphologic conditions, geological and structurally tectonic composition are characterized by certain differences within the limits of a particular part of the 30-km zone territory. Structure of the NPS site geological medium differs from that of the 30- km zone area. So, the characteristics of the 30-km zone as a whole and the NPS site are given below. Situation map–scheme for the 30-km zone and the NPS site is pre- sented in Fig.38. Михалишки Mikhalishki Остовецкая Ворняны площадка Vornjany Ostrovetz site Островец Ostrovetz Гудогай Gudogai Сморгонь Smorgon Fig. 38 – Situation map–scheme for the 30-km zone and the NPS site 13.1.1.1 NPS thirty–kilometer security zone Thirty–kilometer security zone is characterized in accordance with the results of work performed by Republican Unitary Enterprise «Belgeologiya» [62,63,64]. 178 The main structure elements of the surface are the Vilija river valley, the flat- wavy Vilija flat land situated at both sides of the valley and moraine elevation: Svir elevation on the North–East and Oshmjany elevation on the South–West. Hydrographical network of the region is presented by a latitudinal area of the Vi- lija river crosses this region from the East to the West as well as by small rivers fell into the Vilija river, namely, the river Oshmjanka, the river Gozovka and the stream Polpe to the left, the rivers Stratcha and Sorotchanka to the right. The river Vilija is the right feeder of the river Neman, this feeder relates to the Baltic Sea basin. The middle course of the Vilija river is situated within the expected working area. The river canal is wavy, the canal width is 65-101 m, and the depth is 1.22 м. The bottom is sandy, riffling. The bottom is encumbered by boulders at re- stricted river areas. The river stream middle velocity is 0.3 m/sec. Absolute marks for the low stage is changed from 120.4 m at the Oshmjanka river outlet to 116.0 m at the Gozovka river outlet. The river slope is equal to 3.6 m for distance of 16 km. Two floodplains and two above the floodplain terraces are stood out in the Vilija river val- ley. The river floodplain is developed at some areas, its width is no more than hun- dreds meters. In specific cases the floodplain width reaches 600 m (the area located above the Mikhalishki village). The floodplain height above the water edge is 0.2-3.5 m. The first above the floodplain terrace is traced at both river banks in the form of narrow 100–200 m stripes alternating in an accord with the river bed curve (the ter- race becomes apparent alternating at both banks). The width of the first above the floodplain terrace is increased repeatedly reaching 500–800 m in the vicinity of the inflow of the river Stratcha and the inflow of the river Oshmjanka. Terrace step to- ward the river floodplain is well-marked. The step height is 2,5 – 4 m, the step height is up to 5 m relative to the water edge. The river Oshmjanka is the left inflow of the river Vilija of the first order. The riv- er Oshmjanka flows as a winding tape along the western edge of the восточному краю 30-km zone. Its valley is oriented almost straight in the line of meridian direction along the moraine plane which is covered with fluvioglacial sediments in some areas. Within the area under discussion the river stream canal 15-20 m wide is everywhere followed by narrow double-sided floodplain rising above the water edge up to the height of 0.5 – 2.5 м. The river Stratcha is the right inflow of the river Vilija. Only small part of down- stream of the river Stratcha falls into the 30-km zone. The river stream canal is highly wavy, the canal width is 8-15 m. The valley is clearly defined; it is formed by double- sided floodplain 50 –150 m wide, the floodplain width reaches up to 600 m in the vi- cinity of the inflow of the river Stratcha to the Vilija river. From the geology– tectonic point of view the territory under discussion is placed at the middle part of its Baltic monocline, namely, between the Vilija buried promi- nence of the crystal foundation and far wing of the Baltic syneclise. The depth of the foundation burial (bedrock foundation) and total value of the sedimentary cover are changed from 347 m at the Smorgon region to 536 m at the Narotsh lake region. To the east of Oshmjany this value is changed up to 438 m. Internal structure of the foundation is nonuniform; it is defined by its position within the junction area of large-scale structure formation zones of Belarussyan– Bal- tic granulite belt, namely, the Ivje–Smorgon zone to the east–south–east and the Oshmjany zone to the north–west. The boundary existing between the Oshmjany and Ivje– Smorgon zones is in- terzonal regional structure– formative deep break of the mantle (mantle - korov) lay- 179 ing of the Archean stage of the development of Baltic granulite belt. This break under the name Ostrovezki separates two structure formation zones. The rocks of different origin and different material constitution are presented in the zones. Within the Ostrovezki edge break area in parallel to it at the distance of 2.5-5 km to the north– west the West– Ostrovezki break is located. The sediments of four structural–material complexes have been revealed in composition of the sedimentary cover the investigated region, namely, Verhned- vinsk–lower Cambrian (late Baikal), lower Cambrian – lower Devonian (Caledonian), middle Devonian –middle Triassic (Hercynian) and middle Triassic – Quaternary (Cimmerian – Alpine) complexes. From the point of an estimation of the influence on geological medium the upper part of the geological cross-section stacked by Quaternary sediments is of the great- est interest. According to the geological survey data related to the territory under discussion as well as the data related to studying the cross– sections of the holes of different purposes the of the Quaternary sediments is changed from 60.6 m to 145 m. The mi- nimal values of the thickness are observed within the Vilija valley that is within the lower marks of the day surface. The maximal values of the Quaternary sediment thickness are revealed at the finite– moraine elevations characterized by the most high relief levels, namely, the Oshmjany and Konstantinovo ridges. In line with accepted stratigraphic scale for the Quaternary (antropogenic) se- diments four sections are defined in the geological structure: lower, middle, upper and modern sections. In turn, the Brest (prior to glacial), Narevskii glacial, Be- loverzski interglacial and Berezinski glacial horizons (the last three horizons are often combined by the Belarussyan superhorizon) are selected in the lower section. In the middle section the horizons Alexandrijskii interglacial and Pripjatskii glacial (with two subhorizons, namely, Dneprovskii and Sozhskii) are located. Muravinskii interglacial and Poozerskii glacial horizons are related to the upper section. The modern section is presented by the Holocene horizon. The Brest (prior to glacial) horizon has an island structure. It is mainly formed from lacustrine sediments, least often from alluvial deposits. The thickness of these formations is no greater than 5 -10 m, the maximum thickness values are observed within the area of towns Oshmjany and Smorgon. The thickness layers are mainly presented by thin clay sand layer and (to a lesser degree) clay and sand layers. These sediments do not appear at the day surface. The Narevskii glacial horizon is formed by the stratum consisting from coarse layers clay sand, loam and clay coloured mainly with grey and green-gray colors. This is locally spreaded; it includes the sand interlayers, segregations of chalk and Cainozoic rocks. The moraine thickness is generally equal to approximately 10-15 m; in some cases it exceeds 30 m. Fluvioglacial sand and coarse rocks, thin clay sand layers as well as horizon ribbon clay have not been remained within a whole territory. The thickness of these geological layers exceeds 10-15 m very seldom. All these rocks are presented in the glaciodislocation structure. Narevskii horizon sediments had not been revealed on the territory under discussion, but their occurrence is pos- sible. The Beloverzski interglacial horizon is formed by clay, thin clay sand and send layers, mainly, of lacustrine and alluvial genesis.