CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF TURN TAKING MECHANISM IN PIERS MORGAN TONIGHTTALK SHOW NURYATUL ISMALIYAH NIM. 1110026000136 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2015 CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF TURN TAKING MECHANISM IN PIERS MORGAN TONIGHT TALK SHOW A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree of Strata One NURYATUL ISMALIYAH NIM. 1110026000136 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2015 ABSTRACT Nuryatul Ismaliyah, Conversation Analysis of Turn Taking Mechanism in Piers Morgan Tonigh Talk Show. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, February 2015. The purpose of this research is to analyze the turn taking mechanism in Piers Morgan Tonight Talk Show between Piers Morgan and Bruno Mars, which every conversation always occurs the turn and the taking to make conversation flows well. In this case, the aims of this research are: (1) to convey the turn taking mechanism used by Piers Morgan and Bruno Mars, (2) to convey the kinds of the turn taking mechanism mostly used by Piers Morgan and Bruno Mars. The method of this research use qualitative method. The research questions will be answered in analytical description. The collected turn taking mechanism is picked up randomly then classified based on the same kind. The turn taking mechanism is analyzed by using Jacob L Mey’s theory to see the turn taking mechanism which mostly occurs in conversation between Piers Morgan Tonight and Bruno Mars. The result of this research shows that there are twenty one data collected from random sampling, those collected data resulted three kinds of turn taking mechanism. There are three kinds of turn taking mechanism: taking the floor, holding the floor and yielding the floor and all kinds found in that conversation. Keywords: Conversation Analysis, Turn Taking Mechanism, Jacob L Mey, Talk Show i ii iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Jakarta, Februari 2015. Nuryatul Ismaliyah iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT بسم اهلل الر حمن االر حيم In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful, and the most Beneficent Praise is only for Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala, Lord of the world. First, I’m deeply grateful to Him who gives me His blessing, guidance, health, ability, and opportunity to accomplish this thesis. Blessing and salutation be upon the most honorable prophet and messenger Muhammad Sholallaahu Alaihi Wasalam, his relatives and followers. This thesis could not be completed without a great deal of help from many people. Therefore, I would like to give my sincerest gratitude to my beloved parents, Abdul Hamid, A.Ma and Jamilah. Thanks for being the strength and the best supporter of her success. “Thanks mom and dad, This is my special gift for you, which is also shape of my tears and sweats to make you proud of me”. I’m heartily thankful to my beloved sister Eka Haniyah, S.Pd.I, Nurseha and my brother Phulo who give motivation in process of finishing this thesis. May Allah bless and give the greatest award for them. I also want to give my gratitude to Mr. Hilmi Akmal, M.Hum and Mr. Drs. Saefudin M.Pd, as my advisors for their time, help, patience and motivation v from the first to the final level of this research. Thanks for all the contribution that I need until the end of my study. May Allah always bless them and their families. I also would like to express my deepest gratitude to the following persons: 1. Prof. Dr. Syukron Kamil, MA. as the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta; 2. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd, the Assistant of Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty. 3. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. as the Head of English Letters Department; 4. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Letters Department; 5. All the lecturers of English Letters Department thanks for teaching precious knowledge and wonderful experience during the study; 6. All the staffs of Library Center of State Islamic University, American Corner Library, and Library Faculty of Adab and Humanities, and Library of Indonesia University; 7. Ade Lukmansyah who always accompany me to finish this research. Thank you so much; 8. SOBATSABIT (Iin, Angel, Maul, and Rima), Rahma, Kurnia Makki, Muthi, Asih. Nice to have you all, the wonderful girls. Thanks for support, prayer, and everything. Hopefully we can stick together even though will rarely meet later then; 9. ABNORMFAMILY and KKN BETA, Thanks for support, prayer and everything. vi 10. All people who have supported me during the finishing this research, Thanks a lot; May Allah bless you all gives His Kindness. I realize that my paper actually has not been perfect yet, there are many mistakes in its contents. Therefore, I would like to receive any comments, suggestion, or criticism. Finally, I hope this thesis will be guidance for the reader and those who are interested in it. Jakarta, Februari 2015 The Writer vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………….…….... i APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………..…………… ii LEGALIZATION …………………………………………………..…….…… iii DECLARATION …………………………………………………….….…….. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………….……...…. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………. vviiiii THE LIST OF TABLE ………………………………………………………. x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………………… 1 A. Background of Research .……….…………………… 1 B. Focus of Research …………………………………… 5 C. Research Questions ………………………………..… 6 D. Objective of the Research ……………………….... 6 E. Significance of Research …………………………….. 7 F. Research Methodology …………………………….... 74 1. The Method of Research ……………………….... 7 2. Technique of Data Collecting and Data Analyis … 8 3. Research Instrument ……………………………..10 4. Unit of Analysis………………………………….109 CHAPTER II THE THEORITICAL DESCRIPTION ……………… 11 A. Previous Research ………………………………… 11 B. Concept ……………………..…………………… 13 1. Discourse ………………..................................... 13 2. Discourse Analysis ……………………………... 1214 3. Context ……………………………….…........ 15 5 viii 4. Pragmatics ……………....................................... 16 5. Conversation Analysis ………………………… 17 6. Turn Taking ……………………………………. 18 7. Procedure for Turn Allocation ………………. .. 19 8. Turn Taking Mechanism ………………………. 21 CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS …………………………………… 28 A. The Data Description …..…………………………... 28 B. The Data Analysis ………..………………………… 29 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ..………….. 49 A. Conclusions ...………………………………………. 49 B. Suggestions ..…………………………………….….. 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………….…………. 51 APPENDICES …………………………………………………………….…... 54 ix LIST OF TABLE Table 1 : The Data of Types of Turn Taking Mechanism ……………. 28 Table 2 : The Result of Simple Random Sampling …………………… 29 Table 3 : Transcript Conventions ……………………………………... 29 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study In daily life, human as a social creature needs a media to communicate each other. The media is called language. Without language, human cannot communicate and interact. Language is one of the important things in human life. Language is arbitrary sound symbol system used by humans for communication and interaction each other.1 Not only verbal language, But also sign language and gesture are often used by human to communicate at certain moment.2 Verbal language related to word, phrase, and sentence. Realization of verbal language is conversation. Conversation means a cooperative activity in the sense that it involves two or more parties. Each of whom must be allowed the opportunity to participate.3 Conversation is a human way to build the social relationship. Through conversation, human can identify, recognize and know the characters each other. From the definition above, it can be concluded that conversation consists of two or more people who get and exchange information each other. One is called speaker and the other is called listener. A Speaker is a person who is speaking or 1 Harimurti Kridalaksana, 2005, “Bahasa dan Linguistik” in Kushartanti, Untung Yuwono and RMT Lauder (Ed), Pesona Bahasa: Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik , (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama) p. 3. 2George Yule, 2006, The Study of Language : Third Edition. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). p. 172 3 Ronald Wardaugh, 1986, An Introduction to Sosiolinguistics. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) p. 288. 1 2 expressing the ideas and listener is person who listens what the speaker say and wait for the turn to speak. In conversation, the position of participants (speaker and listener) is not static. It means that they will alternate each other. Pay attention for the example of this conversation below: (1) A : Are you doing anything important right now? B : No, not really. A : Okay, then, can you do this letter for me? I need it in a hurry B : Yes, I can.4 From the example (1), when “A” is the speaker, “B” is waiting for the turn. When “B” as the speaker, “A” as the listener and wait for the turn to speak. The changing or replacement position of speaker to listener and listener to speaker that occur in conversation above, it is