Computer Vision Computer Vision Computer Vison 최신 설명 Computer Vision 요약정리 (www.kernel.bz) 커널연구회 ([email protected]) 정재준 (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 1 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 목차 목차 목차 ● Com)puter Vision..................................................................................................................1 ● ......................................................................................................................................... 2 목차 ● 1. hum)an visual system)......................................................................................................3 Eye.........................................................................................................................................................3 System) overview................................................................................................................................6 Visual cortex.......................................................................................................................................7 ● 2. Im)age enhancem)ent: ...................................................................................10 화상 개선 개선 ● 3. Transform)ations: , .........................................................................................18 변형 변환 ● 4. Filtering: , ................................................................................................24 걸러내기 선별 ● 5. Color vision: ...................................................................................................27 색상 개선 식별 ● 6. Feature extraction: ......................................................................................32 특징 추출 추출 ● 7. Com)m)ercial com)puter vision system)s.......................................................................38 ● 8. Applications................................................................................................................... 42 (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 2 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system 1. human visual system : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_com)puter_vision 참조 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_system) 참조 Eye Cornea: 각막 Pupil: , !" #!$ Iris: %& Lens: 수정체 Retina: ( Macula: (www.kernel.bz) ) ( ) *+ Fovea: (www.kernel.bz) ) ( ) ,-. Optic disc:(www.kernel.bz) ) 안구의 012 34 Optic nerve: 012 Vitreous hum)our: 56& Hyaloid canal: 56&7 Retinal blood vessels: ( 87 (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 3 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system : 9:출; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_system)#/m)edia/File:Schem)atic_diagram)_of_the_hum) an_eye_en.svg Photoreceptor cell: 수광 세포 세포 : 9:출; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell#/m)edia/File:Photoreceptor_cell.jpg : 9:출; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell#/m)edia/File:1414_Rods_and_Cones.jpg (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 4 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system Action potential : https://com)m)ons.wikim)edia.org/wiki/File:Action_Potential.gif 9:출; roughly 1.2 m)illion axons of ganglion cells transm)it inform)ation from the retina to the brain resulting in sensitive to color and indifferent to m)otion (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 5 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system System overview : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_system)#/m)edia/File:ERP_-_optic_cabling.jpg 9:출; V1 perform)s edge-detection, focusing on even sm)all spatial and color changes V2 com)paring left and right pulses (www.kernel.bz) 2Dim)ages,siz)e,color,shape),40~100m)s V3 helps process ‘global m)otion’ (www.kernel.bz) directionandspeed)ofobjects V4 recogniz) essim)pleshapes V5 integrates local object m)otion into global m)otion, eye m)ovem)ent V6 analyz) esm)otionofobjectsrelativetothebackground (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 6 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system Visual cortex https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex#Prim)ary_visual_cortex_(www.kernel.bz) V1) Optic Nerve: 012 Optic Chiasm): 시각 교차 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: LGN => 슬상 개선 @ Prim)ary Visual Cortex: A 시각 BC : 9:출; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex#/m)edia/File:Neural_pathway_diagram).svg (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 7 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 8 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 1. human visual system functional areas of cortex : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex#/m)edia/File:Constudproc.png 9:참조 (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 9 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 ● Im)age denoising(www.kernel.bz) Noisereduction) ● Im)age histogram) ● Inpainting ● Histogram) equaliz) ation ● Tone m)apping ● Retinex ● Gam)m)a correction ● Anisotropic diffusion (www.kernel.bz) Perona–Malikequation) Image denoising(Noise reduction) : https://sites.google.com)/site/pierrickcoupe/softwares/denoising-for-m)edical- 9:출; im)aging/m)ri-denoising (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 10 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Gaussian noise : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_noise 참조 Linear smoothing filters / Gaussian smoothing / Gaussian function https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_blur 참조 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_function 출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 11 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Nonlinear filters / median filter : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_filter 참조 Wavelet transform / Statistical methods / Block-matching algorithms / Random field / Deep learning (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 12 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Image histogram : https://www.fastrawviewer.com)/blog/in-cam)era-histogram)-doesn%27t- 9:출; represent-exposure (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 13 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Histogram equalization : 9:출; https://scikit-im)age.org/docs/dev/auto_exam)ples/color_exposure/plot_equaliz) e.htm)l Inpainting : https://github.com)/Mugichoko445/Fast-Digital-Im)age-Inpainting 9:출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 14 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Image Inpainting with GAN : https://worthpreading.tistory.com)/64 9:출; Tone mapping (High-Dynamic-Range imaging) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_m)apping 9:출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 15 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Retinex , contrast , sharpness . DEF상 개선) G2HI JK L상 개선 MN : https://kipl.tistory.com)/65 9:출; Gamma correction : https://com)m)ons.wikim)edia.org/wiki/File:Gam)m)a_correction_brabbit.jpg 9:출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 16 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 2. Image enhancement: 화상 개선 개선 Anisotropic diffusion : https://dsp.stackexchange.com)/questions/14606/anisotropic-diffusion 9:출; : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Segm)ented-output-After-Anisotropic- 9:출; Diffusion-Filtering-sm)all-arteries-are-m)ore-prom)inent_fig3_271483004 (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 17 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 3. Transformations: 변 , 형 변환 3. Transformations: , 변형 변환 ● Affine transform) ● Hom)ography (www.kernel.bz) com)putervision) ● Hough transform) ● Radon transform) ● Walsh–Hadam)ard transform) Affine transform Affine space: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_space translation, scaling, hom)othety, sim)ilarity transform)ation, reflection, rotation, shear m)apping, com)positions (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 18 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 3. Transformations: 변 , 형 변환 2D affine transformation matrices on a unit square Hom)ography (www.kernel.bz) com)puter vision) Hough transform) Radon transform) Walsh–Hadam)ard transform) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_transform)ation 출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 19 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 3. Transformations: 변 , 형 변환 Homography (computer vision) im)age rectification, im)age registration, or com)putation of cam)era m)otion—rotation and translation—between two im)ages. : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom)ography_(www.kernel.bz) com)puter_vision) 참조 O1 and O2 both pointed at X in epipolar geometry : 9:출; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipolar_geom)etry (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 20 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 3. Transformations: 변 , 형 변환 Hough transform feature extraction, identification of lines in the im)age, identifying positions of arbitrary shapes r = x cos θ + y sin θ : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hough_transform) 출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회 21 / 44 정재준 Computer Vision 3. Transformations: 변 , 형 변환 Radon transform Maps f on the (www.kernel.bz) x,y)-dom)aintoRfonthe(www.kernel.bz)α,s)-dom)ain : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon_transform) 출; Radon transform) is widely applicable to tomography : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom)ography 9:출; (www.kernel.bz) www.kernel.bz) ) (www.kernel.bz) [email protected])) 커널연구회