Council Meeting 24 June 2021 Separately Circulated Attachment (as indicated this is circulated separately to the Agenda) This attachment relates to Item 6 in your Agenda Attachment 6.3 – Technical Report (Version 4, June 2021) Document Control Version Date of Report Environment Planning Finance Council Meeting Committee Meeting Community Committee Meeting Version 1 22 March 2019 30 April 2019 16 May 2019 Version 2 28 June 2019 18 July 2019 8 August 2019 Version 3 1 November 2019 29 November 2019 12 December 2019 Version 4 June 2021 24 June 2021 File Ref: L225-16-04 Record No: 1966306 Marlborough's East Coast Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3. Structure ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.4. Coastline photos ............................................................................................................... 2 2. The values of Marlborough’s East Coast environment present before the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake ........................................................................ 6 2.1. Cultural Values .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Archaeological sites ......................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Te Tau Ihu Iwi .................................................................................................................... 6 2.4. Coastal settlement history ............................................................................................... 7 2.5. Landscape ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.5.1. Physical processes ................................................................................................. 10 2.5.2. Natural hazards ...................................................................................................... 10 2.6. The natural habitats and ecosystems ........................................................................... 11 2.6.1. Terrestrial ecosystems ............................................................................................ 11 2.6.1.1. Dunes ..................................................................................................................11 2.6.1.2. Other indigenous vegetation ................................................................................12 2.6.1.3. Fauna ...................................................................................................................13 2.6.2. Marine ecosystems ................................................................................................. 15 2.6.2.1. Marine mammals .................................................................................................15 2.7. Commercial activity ........................................................................................................ 16 2.7.1. Commercial fishery ................................................................................................. 16 2.7.2. Agriculture ............................................................................................................... 16 2.7.3. Salt works at Lake Grassmere/Kapara Te Hau ...................................................... 16 2.8. Recreational activity ....................................................................................................... 16 3. Effects following the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake on Marlborough’s East Coast environment ..........................................................................................18 3.1. Earthquake details .......................................................................................................... 18 3.2. Actions following the earthquake ................................................................................. 18 3.2.1. Central Government intervention ............................................................................ 18 3.2.2. Community groups formed ..................................................................................... 18 3.2.2.1. East Coast Protection Group (ECPG) ..................................................................18 3.2.2.2. Recreational Access with Education (RAwE) .......................................................19 3.2.3. Technical Advice Workshop ................................................................................... 19 3.3. Impacts of the earthquake on the landscape ............................................................... 19 3.3.1. Impact of vehicle tracks on the landscape.............................................................. 20 3.4. Impacts of the Earthquake on the Natural Habitats and Ecosystems ....................... 20 i Marlborough's East Coast 3.4.1. Impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems .................................................................... 20 3.4.1.1. Dunes ..................................................................................................................20 3.4.1.2. Indigenous vegetation ..........................................................................................20 3.4.1.3. Fauna ...................................................................................................................21 3.4.2. Impacts on the marine ecosystems ........................................................................ 24 3.4.2.1. Pāua ....................................................................................................................28 3.4.2.2. Shellfish ...............................................................................................................28 3.4.2.3. Marine mammals .................................................................................................28 3.5. Impacts of the earthquake on commercial activities .................................................. 28 3.6. Impacts of the earthquake on access and recreational activities ............................. 29 3.6.1. Public access .......................................................................................................... 29 3.6.2. Recreational activity ................................................................................................ 29 3.6.2.1. ECPG user surveys .............................................................................................33 3.6.2.2. UC MERG user survey ........................................................................................33 4. Restoration work to assist natural processes of recovery..........................34 4.1.1. Restoration plantings .............................................................................................. 34 4.1.2. Weed control ........................................................................................................... 34 4.1.3. Predator control ...................................................................................................... 34 5. Conclusion .......................................................................................................35 Appendix 1: Archaeological Sites (Maps 1-3) ......................................................36 Appendix 2: Indigenous Vegetation (Maps 1-3) ...................................................41 Appendix 3: Fauna (Maps 1-3) ...............................................................................60 Appendix 4: Marine ecosystems (Maps 1-3) ........................................................94 Appendix 5: Marine mammal locations (Maps 1-3) ..............................................97 Appendix 6: Access points ..................................................................................103 Appendix 7: Use of East Coast Maps (Maps 1-3) ...............................................104 Appendix 8: Vehicle access maps (Maps 1-3) ....................................................107 Appendix 9: ECPG information brochure ...........................................................110 Appendix 10: RAwE proposed voluntary code of practice ...............................112 Appendix 11: Technical experts ..........................................................................114 Appendix 12: Key values underpinning the ONL ...............................................115 Appendix 13: Acronyms .......................................................................................116 Appendix 14: Bibliography ..................................................................................117 ii Marlborough's East Coast Figure 1: Cape Campbell/Te Karaka before the earthquake. 2 Figure 2: Cape Campbell/Te Karaka after the earthquake. Photo Mark Davies Jan 2017. 2 Figure 3: Cape Campbell lighthouse - old and new light. 7 Figure 4: Kiosk containing information boards erected by the Peter family on land beneath the lighthouse. Photo: Peter family. 8 Figure 5: Chancet Rocks Scientific Reserve. 9 Figure 6: Waipawa Formation. Photo: Chris Hollis. 9 Figure 7: Needles Point. Photo: Jan Clayton-Greene, DOC. 10 Figure 8: Marlborough’s