2018년 한국곤충학회2020년 한국곤충학회 20202018년도년 한국곤충학회한국곤충학회추계정기심포지엄학술논문 발표대회 추계 학술논문 발표대회정기심포지엄 Taxonomic revision of the leafhopper tribe Nirvanini Baker from Korea (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Jin Hyung KWON1,2, Sang Jae SUH2, and Yong Jung KWON2 1 Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. 2 School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. Abstract Genus Oniella Matsumura, 1912 The leafhopper tribe Nirvanini Baker, 1923 is revised taxonomically comprising three genera and three respective species from Korea: Nirvana placida (Stål, 1859), Oniella koreana (Matsumura, 1915), and 2. Oniella koreana (Matsumura, 1915) Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura, 1912). Among them, the synonymic status with reinstated validity for the Nirvana koreana Matsumura, 1915, Trans. Sapp. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 156, 171, 183 (Korea). second species is discussed herein. The third one has been treated as an exotic invasive leafhopper introduced to Europe and USA. Descriptions, illustrations of morphological features and keys to the Korean General coloration pale yellow to whitish yellow, with dark pattern traceable only on forewings. Head narrow nirvanine taxa of the present tribe are provided respectively. roundly produced apically; vertex slightly longer than wide between eyes mesally. Pronotum conclorous and Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Evacanthinae, taxonomy, morphology, identification, invasive species. about as wide as head. Forewings with three dark oblique stripes on costal area distally, with a dark brown spot subapically; inner margin tinted with smoky markings. Male pygofer narrowed distally, armed with an elongate upper process which curved gently upwards, and with Systematics a much shorter tooth like process ventrally which directed caudad. Aedeagus with basal atrium strikingly extending laterally, furnished with a slender process which slanting to each other and crossing apically; shaft Tribe Nirvanini Baker, 1923 Key to genera of Nirvanini from Korea elongate and curved cephalad, furnished with a pair of small lateral teeth at middle portion and subapex. 1. Head roundly terminated apically, not subconical; vertex elongate, almost as long as width of head Subgenital plates slender, strikingly exceeding pygofer in lateral view. including eyes, at least 1.8 times or much longer than pronotum mesally ········································2 Overall length: Male 4.6 - 4.8 mm, female 4.8 - 5.0 mm. -. Head subconically pointed at apically; vertex shorter, about 0.7 times as long as width of head including Distribution: Korea (North, Central, South, Jejudo), Russia (Maritime Territory). eyes, nearly 1.5 times as long as pronotum mesally ··························································Oniella Host plant: Oryza sativa (cf. Lee et Kwon, 1977, 1979; KSPP, 1986), Oryza sativa terrestris (cf. KSPP, 2. Vertex strikingly elongate, twice as long as pronotum mesally. Frontoclypeus with weak lateral ridges 1986). ························································································································ Nirvana -. Vertex elongate, about 1.7 times as long as pronotum mesally. Frontoclypeus with prominent lateral ridges ·············································································································· Sophonia Genus Sophonia Walker, 1870 3. Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura, 1912) Genus Nirvana Kirkaldy, 1900 Nirvana orientalis Matsumura, 1912b, Journ. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 4: 282-283 (Japan). Nirvana orientalis rubrosuturalis Maki, 1916, Gov. Formosa Agr. Exp. Stat. Publ. 90: 75-76. 1. Nirvana placida (Stål, 1859) Jassus (Deltocephalus ?) placidus Stål, 1859, Hem. Spec. nov. descr.: 295. General coloration milky yellow to pale yellow, with longitudinal dark linear marking prominent along vertex Nirvana pallida Melichar, 1903, Hom.-Fauna Celon: 166. Quercinirvana bengalensis Ahmed et Mahmood, 1970, Pak. Journ. Sci. Industr. Res. 12: 263. to claval margin of forewings, which often surrounded by obscure cloudy orange to red patterns. Pseudonirvana rubrolimbata Kuoh et Kuoh, 1983, Acta Ent. Sin. 26: 319. Head roundly terminated apically; vertex elongate, almost as long as or slightly shorter than width of head including eyes, about 1.7 times as long as pronotum mesally; disc with a prominent dark brown to black spot at General coloration milky yellow to pale yellow, with dark pattern traceable only on forewings. Head apex, and longitudinal paired linear dark brown markings mesally, fused into common linear marking from roundly terminated apically; vertex strikingly elongate, almost as long as width of head including eyes, twice as long as pronotum mesally. Frontoclypeus with weak lateral ridges. Pronotum conclorous with head, pronotum and running to apex of clavi of forewings. Frontoclypeus with weak lateral ridges. Pronotum about as wide as head. conclorous with head, about as wide as head. Forewings polished, with three dark oblique stripes on costal area distally, with a dark brown to black Forewings polished, with three dark oblique stripes on costal area distally, with a dark brown to black prominent spot subapically; apical margin somewhat tinted with yellowish brown markings. prominent spot subapically; apical margin somewhat tinted with yellowish brown markings. Male pygofer armed with an elongate process arising from ventral margin, curved gently upwards and Male pygofer armed with a slender process arising from ventral margin, curved gently upwards and pointed. roundly terminated. Aedeagus elongate, bent at base and directed dorsad; apex armed with a pair of minute Aedeagus with atrium very stout, furnished with basal process gently tapered and roundly curved dorsad; terminal processes, with a much larger anteapical process extended slightly beyond midlength of shaft and directed ventrad; dorsal apodeme bifurcated, with arms widely divergent dorsad in caudal view. Subgenital aedeagal shaft elongate roundly curved, armed with a pair of slender terminal processes directed caudad in plates slender, apparently exceeding anal tube in lateral view. lateral view. Subgenital plates rather broad, far surpassing anal tube posteriorly. Overall length: Male 4.6 - 4.9 mm, female 5.0 - 5.5 mm. Distribution: Korea (South, Jejudo), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), China, Taiwan, Europe. Distribution: Korea (Central, South, Jejudo), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Tsushima), China (South), Host plant: Morus spp. (cf. Lee et Kwon, 1977; FRI, 1995; Lee et Chung, 1997), Morus alba (cf. FRI, 1995), Taiwan, Southeast Asia. Morus bombycis (cf. FRI, 1995). Host plant: numerous herbs. Remark: Previously, Merino (1936) treated Nirvana pallida Melichar, 1903 as a junior synonym of N. Remark: This species has been introduced into the Hawaiian islands possibly from East Asia, as reported by placida (Stål, 1859), without examining the type material of the former species. However, this synonymy Jones et al. (1998). This exotic invasive species is also established in Madeira, Gibraltar and Southern Spain, was not accepted by Metcalf (1963). Since then, the identities of these two species had not been confirmed, and subsequently spreading to many gardens and parks of other European countries (Wilson et al, 2011). although some authors still use the former name as valid, especially in India (cf. Viraktamath and Wesley, It is also presently distributed across the southern USA from California to North Carolina (Webb and 1988; Kamitani, 2012; Meshram and Rai, 2017). Viraktamath, 2004; unpublished data given by Dietrich: pers. comm., 2019), Recently, this synonymy has been confirmed by Viraktamath, who informed us as “I checked with Stål's Jassus (Deltocephalus) placidus and also partially checked with the type specimens of Nirvana pallida Melichar. I was not very successful with the male genitalia of the latter species. The Stål 's type is partially damaged, as the head has come off from the specimen and pasted on to card. I agree based on the characteristic markings on the head that both pallida and placida are synonyms”(pers. comm.: 2019, 2020). Fig. 2. Oniella koreana (Matsumura, 1915) Fig. 3. Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura, 1912) A: Male habitus, B: face, C: head and pronotum in lateral view, D: male A: Male habitus, B: face, C: head and pronotum in lateral view, D: male Fig. 1. Nirvana placida (Stål, 1859) pygofer in lateral view, E: ditto, ventral view, F: aedeagus in lateral view, G: pygofer in lateral view, E: ditto, ventral view, F: aedeagus in lateral view, A: Male habitus, B: face, C: head and pronotum in lateral view, D: male pygofer in lateral view, E: ditto, ventral view, F: aedeagus in ditto, caudal view, H: pygofer process in lateral view. G: ditto, caudal view, H: ditto,dorsal view, I: style in dorso-lateral view. lateral view, G: ditto, caudal view, H: abdominal apodeme in dorsal view..