University of Nairobi Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies Strategic National Interests in Regional Integration in East Africa-Case Study of Kenya Mwaura Patrick Muigai R50/69362/2011 A research project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Masters of Arts in International Studies September 2013 0 DECLARATION This project is my original work and has not been presented for the award of any degree in any other university Signature…………………………………………. Date………………………… Patrick Muigai Mwaura This project has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University supervisors Signed………………………………………..Date………………………………………… Prof Maria Nzomo Signed ……………………………………….. Date…………………………….. Mr. Martin Nguru i DEDICATION This research is dedicated to my parents; Your teachings on hard work, integrity and respect for all; I will never find anywhere else in this world. I also dedicate this work to my sister Josephine Njoki; may you always embrace integrity. Special thanks to mum you always dared me to think beyond imagination. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am heavily indebted to God for having brought me this far and guiding me to complete my masters before the age of 28 years. Special thanks to my family more so to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Mwaura, friends especially James Macharia, Joyce Wangui, Francis Muhia, Charlotte Mong‟ina, Charles Muigai, Fred Ogana and Njeri Muita for your insights, moral support and encouragement. I pay special tribute to my lecturers in IDIS for your unmatched guidance and teaching me about international relations; Prof Maria Nzomo I will forever be grateful for your insights as pertains relations of states; Mr. Ikiara your insights in international economics was quite helpful; Mr Nguru your guide on diplomacy is unmatched; Mr Maluki your insights on international political system was thought provoking. Prof Nzomo and Mr. Nguru your guide in the completion of this project will forever be appreciated. Thank you! ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................... i DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION ................................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................0 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .........................................................1 1.1 Background to the Study .......................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem .......................................................................................3 1.3 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................................................4 1.4 Literature Review ..................................................................................................................4 1.4.1 Foundations of Regional Integration in Africa .........................................................5 1.4.2 Rationale of Regional Integration in Africa .............................................................7 1.4.3 National Interests in the EAC ..................................................................................9 1.4.4 National Interests in the European Union .............................................................. 12 1.4.5 National Interests in Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) .............. 15 1.4.6 Managing Economic Disparities in the EAC ......................................................... 16 1.5 Significance/Justification of the study ................................................................................. 18 1.5.1 Policy Justification ................................................................................................ 18 1.5.2 Academic Justification .......................................................................................... 18 1.6 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 19 1.7 Hypotheses .......................................................................................................................... 21 1.8 Research Methodology ........................................................................................................ 22 1.8.1 Secondary Sources ................................................................................................ 22 1.8.2 Primary Sources .................................................................................................... 22 1.9 Scope and Limitation of the Study ....................................................................................... 22 iii CHAPTER TWO: NATIONAL INTERESTS AND THE AFRICAN UNION .................... 24 2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Rationale of Quest for Africa‟s Unity .................................................................................. 25 2.1.1 Sovereignty factor ................................................................................................. 29 2.2 The African Union .............................................................................................................. 30 2.2.1 Organs and Institutions of AU ............................................................................... 33 2.2.2 The AU-REC Protocol .......................................................................................... 34 2.3 African Economic Community Treaty ................................................................................. 35 2.4 Background of Regional Economic Communities ................................................................ 37 2.4.1 Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) ................................................. 38 2.4.2 Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) ................................... 39 2.4.3 The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) ...................... 41 2.3.4 The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) ....................... 42 2.3.5 The Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) .................................. 44 2.3.6 Southern African Development Community (SADC) ............................................ 46 2.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER THREE: THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................................... 50 3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 50 3.1 Organs of the EAC .............................................................................................................. 51 3.1.1 Prominence of the Organs and Institutions ............................................................ 52 3.2 Principles of the Treaty ....................................................................................................... 55 3.2.1 Principle of Subsidiarity ........................................................................................ 56 3.2.2 Principle of Asymmetry ........................................................................................ 59 3.2.3 Principle of Complementarity ............................................................................... 62 3.3 East Africa Intra-Trade ........................................................................................................ 63 3.4 Strategy and Priority Areas .................................................................................................. 65 3.4.1 Agriculture............................................................................................................ 66 3.4.2 Education .............................................................................................................. 67 iv 3.4.3 Taxation ................................................................................................................ 68 3.4.4 Security ................................................................................................................ 70 3.4.5 Infrastructure and Services .................................................................................... 71 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 73 CHAPTER FOUR: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF KENYA’S NATIONAL INTERESTS .... 75 4.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 75 4.1 Hypothesis one: Kenya‟s Strategic National Interests in the EAC Impede the Integration Process. ....................................................................................................................................