Doubly eclipsing binaries Surveys - candidates Our results Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Petr Zasche Astronomical Institute Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University, Prague Telˇc, Czech Republic 9/9/2019 1/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems Motivation - why doubly eclipsing binaries? Derive for both binaries: M, R, log g, Teff , ... Share the same: age, chemical compositions, distance, ... Study the 2+2 dynamics, perturbations, secular evolution, stability, ETV studies... 2/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: here the history begins 3/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her First study: Lee et al. (2008) Doubly eclipsing system V = 7.0 mag Distance: ≈ 240 pc Two pairs: 2.1d + 1.4d Both detached Gravitationally bound system?? 4/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Lee et al. (2008) 5/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her Pair A: Period 2.083 day Components: B8V + A0V (2.83 + 2.30 M⊙) Algol-type: 0.30 + 0.15 mag Inclination 83◦.8 Eccentric orbit e ≈ 0.03 Pair B: Period 1.420 day Components: A2V + A4V (1.87 + 1.86 M⊙) Algol-type: 0.12 + 0.12 mag Inclination 86◦.0 Eccentric orbit e ≈ 0.08 6/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her How to prove the two binaries are bound? Spectroscopically Interferometrically Photometrically (Dynamical perturbations...?) 7/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Zasche & Uhlaˇr(2016) 2448000 2450000 2452000 2454000 2456000 2458000 2460000 0.03 0.061990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0 0 O−C (days) −0.02 −0.01 O−C (Period) −0.04 Pair A −0.02 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Epoch 2448000 2450000 2452000 2454000 2456000 2458000 2460000 0.06 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 0.04 0.05 0.02 0 0 −0.02 O−C (days) O−C (Period) −0.05 −0.04 Pair B −0.06 −5000 −4000 −3000 −2000 −1000 0 1000 2000 3000 Epoch 8/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Zasche & Uhlaˇr(2016) Pair A Pair B Parameter Unit Value Error Value Error JD0 HJD 2453855.1339 0.0034 2453857.4361 0.0054 P Day 2.0832649 0.0000029 1.4200401 0.0000042 e 0.0307 0.0085 0.1253 0.0069 ω Deg 9.9 6.0 300.7 4.9 dω/dt Deg/Cycle 0.0018 0.0012 0.0126 0.0073 p3 Year 2.91 0.14 2.91 0.14 T0 HJD 2456045 122 2456045 122 A Day 0.0091 0.0032 0.0134 0.0037 ω3 Deg 236.2 26.7 56.2 26.7 e3 0.758 0.071 0.758 0.071 9/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Lee et al. (2008) 10/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Zasche & Uhlaˇr(2016) 40 20 0 −20 Systemic velocity (km/s) −40 −60 3800 3810 3820 3830 3840 3850 3860 3870 HJD−2450000 11/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Zasche & Uhlaˇr(2016) −300 −200 −100 RV [km/s] 0 Pair A 100 −0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Phase −300 Pair B −200 −100 RV [km/s] 0 100 200 −0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Phase 12/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V994 Her: Zasche & Uhlaˇr(2016) 20 2016.0 2016.5 15 2018.5 10 2017.0 DE[mas] 5 2017.5 0 −5 2018.0 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 RA[mas] 13/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems Method of detection Study of ETV for both pairs Model of the light curves for both binaries Limitations: Number of data points Subtracting individual light curves Algol-types better Cadency Time span Selection effects (period, depth, amplitude,...) Powerful method when using surveys 14/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems What can be derived? Assumption: ETV dominated by the Light-Time Effect! Ratio of amplitudes ⇔ mass ratio: AA ⇔ MB AB MA (quite unusual to derive mass ratio only from photometry!) Moreover: Know the masses - we can estimate the inclination Distance - Semimajor axis of visual orbit 15/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems Definitely confirmed V482 Per: Torres et al. (2017): Both Algol-types Spectral types B/A Pair A: 2.447 d Pair B: 6.002 d Mutual orbit: 16.7 yr LITE detection of pair A + RV 16/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems V482 Per: Torres et al. (2017) 17/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries History: V994 Her Doubly eclipsing binaries Method Surveys - candidates Some implications Our results Other systems Definitely confirmed ? EPIC 220204960: Rappaport et al (2017): Both Algol-types, sp M Pairs: 13.3 d + 14.4 d Mutual orbit: 300 – 500 d (slight indication only) OGLE LMC-ECL-15674 & OGLE LMC-ECL-22159:Hong et al.(2018) OGLE LMC-ECL-15674: 1.43 + 1.39 d OGLE LMC-ECL-22159: 2.99 + 3.41 d Mutual orbit: indicated by the inclination change 18/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE Many candidates Photometric surveys - big advantage! Data coverage, cadency, time span, ... Pipelines for identification of doubly eclipsing binaries Several publications with candidates, some of them with ground based follow-up → But none of them definitely confirmed! 19/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE Kepler candidates KIC 4247791: Lehmann, et al. (2012): 4.10 + 4.05 d 20/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE KIC 4247791: Lehmann, et al. (2012) ] ] 12.81 g g 11.6 de [ma de [ma u u nit nit 12.82 g g 11.7 Kepler Ma Kepler Ma 12.83 ] ] g -2 g -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 2 2 O-C [mma O-C [mma -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Phase Phase 21/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE Kepler candidates KIC 4247791: Lehmann, et al. (2012): 4.10 + 4.05 d EPIC 219217635: Borkovits et al. (2018) 22/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE EPIC 219217635: Borkovits et al. (2018) 0.45 1.05 0.40 1.00 0.35 Relative Flux 0.95 0.30 d 0.90 A536712912CIPE T0=2457305.973 P=3.5947 0.01 0.00 Relative Flux 0.85 -0.01 Residual Flux -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80 Phase 0.60 0.75 0.02 0.55 0.00 -0.02 Relative Flux Residual Flux 57332 57334 57336 57338 57340 57342 57344 0.50 BJD - 2400000 d B536712912CIPE T0=2457301.855 P=0.6182 0.02 0.00 -0.02 Residual Flux -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Phase 23/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE Kepler candidates KIC 4247791: Lehmann, et al. (2012): 4.10 + 4.05 d EPIC 219217635: Borkovits et al. (2018) EPIC 212651213 & EPIC 212651234: Rappaport et al (2016) KIC 4150611: Helminiak et al. (2017) ...and others 24/61 Petr Zasche Quadruple systems with two eclipsing binaries Kepler Doubly eclipsing binaries Corot Surveys - candidates Others Our results OGLE COROT candidates COROT 310266512 - Periods: 7.42 + 3.27 d (Fern´andez Fern´andez & Chou 2015) Hajdu et al.