Period 3 c. 1815 to c. 1914 Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Questions 1.1–1.4 refer to the following excerpt. “When the first water-frames for spinning cotton were erected at Cromford…mankind were little aware of the mighty revolution which the new system of labor was destined by Providence to achieve, not only in the structure of British society, but in the fortunes of the world at large. Arkwright alone had the sagacity to discern, and the boldness to predict in glowing language, how vastly productive human industry would become…when made to consist of the task of guiding the work of mechanical fingers and arms, and regularly impelled with great velocity by some indefatigable physical power…” —Andrew Ure, The Philosophy of Manufactures, 1835 1.1. Which of the following contributed to the rise of the new labor system in England that Andrew Ure referenced? A. competition from continental powers like Prussia and Austria B. available supply of natural materials like coal and iron ore C. French investment in English infrastructure D. the loss of colonial financial opportunity Correct Answer: B AP Key Concept: 3.1 I.A Historical Thinking Skill: Historical Causation Topic: The Labor Force Chapter 13: Economic Advance and Social Unrest 181 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2. Who was most likely to provide the capital needed for this system of labor and production? A. factory owner B. Parliament C. the monarchy D. foreign investors Correct Answer: A AP Key Concept: 3.1 I.B Historical Thinking Skill: Historical Causation Topic: The Labor Force Chapter 13: Economic Advance and Social Unrest 1.3. Which 19th century writer disagreed with Andrew Ure’s description of labor? A. Adam Smith B. Robert Owen C. Friedrich List D. Friedrich Engles Correct Answer: D AP Key Concept: 3.3 I.D Historical Thinking Skill: Comparison Topic: The Labor Force Chapter 13: Economic Advance and Social Unrest 1.4. How were artisans negatively affected by the factory system process Ure described? A. They were forced to immigrate in order to find work. B. They were required to transition into positions of compulsory military service. C. They lost control of their means of production. D. They were denied access to a minimum working wage because they refused to join unions. Correct Answer: C AP Key Concept: 3.2 I.A Historical Thinking Skill: Historical Causation Topic: The Labor Force Chapter 13: Economic Advance and Social Unrest 182 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2. Questions 2.1–2.4 refer to the following excerpt. “Italians! The Sicilians are fighting against the enemies of Italy and for Italy. To help them with money, arms, and especially men, is the duty of every Italian. If the cities do not offer sufficient basis for insurrection, let the more resolute throw themselves into the open country. A brave man can always find a weapon… Let us arm. Let us fight for our brothers, tomorrow we can fight for ourselves. A handful of brave men, who have followed me into battle for our country, are advancing with me to the rescue. Italy knows them; they always appear at the hour of danger. Brave and generous companions, they have devoted their lives to their country; they will shed their last drop of blood for it, seeking no other reward than that of a pure conscience.” —General Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1860 2.1. What was the objective of the “brave and generous companions [who]…will shed their last drop of blood”? A. the overthrow of the leadership of Victor Emmanuel B. the removal of the pope as the spiritual and temporal leader of Italy C. the unification of the Italian states into one nation D. the establishment of a monarchy under the leadership of Camillo Cavour Correct Answer: C AP Key Concept: 3.3 I.A, 3.4 II.B, 3.4 III.A Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation Topic: Garibaldi’s Campaign Chapter 14: The Age of Nation-States 2.2. What two ideologies motivated Garibaldi? A. Marxism and liberalism B. Romanticism and conservatism C. conservatism and nationalism D. nationalism and republicanism Correct Answer: D AP Key Concept: 3.3 I.A, 3.4 II.B, 3.4 III.A Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation, Contextualization Topic: Garibaldi’s Campaign Chapter 14: The Age of Nation-States 183 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2.3. All of the following events helped inspire this action in 1860 EXCEPT A. the creation of an independent, united German state at the Frankfurt Assembly. B. Mazzini’s establishment of the Young Italy Society. C. the 1849 Roman Republic. D. the Italian nationalist uprising in 1831. Correct Answer: A AP Key Concept: 3.4 II.B, 3.4 III.A Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation, Patterns of Continuity and Change Over Time, Contextualization Topic: Romantic Republicans Chapter 14: The Age of Nation-States 2.4. What government developed in Italy once Garibaldi’s uprising was complete? A. a republican form of government that recognized universal male suffrage B. a confederation of city-states led by a relatively weak executive council C. a monarchy led by the Piedmont king Victor Emmanuel D. a military dictatorship led by General Garibaldi Correct Answer: C AP Key Concept: 3.4 II.B, 3.4 III.A Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation Topic: The New Italian State Chapter 14: The Age of Nation-States 184 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. *3. Questions 3.1–3.3 refer to the following excerpt. “I accuse Lt-Col du Paty de Clam of having been the diabolical agent of a miscarriage of justice (though unwittingly, I am willing to believe) and then of having defended this evil deed for the past three years through the most preposterous and most blameworthy machinations… I accuse General Billot of having in his hands undeniable proof that Dreyfus was innocent and of having suppressed it, of having committed this crime against justice and against humanity for political purposes, so that the General Staff, which had been compromised would not lose face… As for the persons I have accused, I do not know them: I have not seen them: I feel not rancour or hatred toward them. To me, they are mere entities, mere embodiments of social malfeasance. And the action I am taking here is merely a revolutionary means to hasten the revelation of truth and justice… Let them dare to summon me before a court of law! Let the inquiry be in broad daylight! I am waiting.” —Emile Zola, Letter to the President of the Republic, 1898 3.1. What had the victim in this newspaper article been falsely accused of? A. passing French military secrets to the Germans B. serving as a double agent for the Russian government C. attempting to assassinate the French president during the French Commune D. stealing funds from the government to pay for a revolution against the Third Republic Correct Answer: A AP Key Concept: 3.3 I.F Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation Topic: The Dreyfus Affair Chapter 16: The Birth of Modern European Thought 3.2. Why had evidence proving Dreyfus’ innocence been suppressed, resulting in a false conviction? A. The government wanted to cover up Marxist attitudes in France by casting blame in a different direction. B. Dreyfus was a victim of anti-Semitic attitudes in both society and the government. C. The guilty party was a popular government figure and the president wanted to spare him. D. It came from a member of the German press corps and people were hesitant to believe it. Correct Answer: B AP Key Concept: 3.3 I.F Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation Topic: The Dreyfus Affair Chapter 16: The Birth of Modern European Thought 185 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3.3. What did the Dreyfus affair help convince Theodor Herzl to do? A. demand the immediate resignation of the French president B. call for the arrest and prosecution of Emile Zola for libel C. launch the European Zionist movement D. organize the first human rights organization Correct Answer: C AP Key Concept: 3.3 I.F, G Historical Thinking Skill: Chronological Reasoning: Historical Causation, Contextualization Topic: The Dreyfus Affair Chapter 16: The Birth of Modern European Thought 186 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. Questions 4.1–4.4 refer to the following excerpt. “The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians… By what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?… Since it is not permitted to do harm in your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries – how much less to China! Of all that China exports to foreign countries, there is not a single thing which is not beneficial to people… Now we have set up regulations governing the Chinese people. He who sells opium shall receive the death penalty and he who smokes it also the death penalty… [I]n the new regulations, in regard to the barbarians who bring opium to China, the penalty is fixed at decapitation or strangulation. This is what is called getting rid of a harmful thing on behalf of mankind…” —Letter from Lin Tse-hsu (Chinese official) to Queen Victoria of England, 1839 4.1. What motivated the British trade discussed by Lin Tse-hsu? A. retaliation for overpriced goods like silk and tea B.