Toward Ecosystem-based Coastal Area and Fisheries Management in the Coral Triangle: Integrated Strategies and Guidance This publication was produced and printed with support from the United States Agency for International Development’s regional Asia program through the Coral Triangle Support Partnership. Toward Ecosystem-based Coastal Area and Fisheries Management in the Coral Triangle: Integrated Strategies and Guidance USAID Project Number: GCP LWA Award Number LAG-A-00-99-00048-00 Citation: Flower, K.R., Atkinson, S.R., Brainard, R., Courtney, C., Parker, B.A., Parks, J., Pomeroy, R., & White, A. (2013). Toward ecosystem-based coastal area and fisheries management in the Coral Triangle: Integrated strategies and guidance. Jakarta, Indonesia: Coral Triangle Initiative Support Program for the U.S. Agency for International Development. Printed in: Jakarta, Indonesia This is a publication of the Coral Triangle Initiative on Corals, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF). Funding for the preparation of this document was provided by the USAID- funded Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP). CTSP is a consortium led by the World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy and Conservation International. Additional contributions were provided through the US Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) Support Program by the USAID-funded US CTI Support Program Integrator (PI) and by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The PI project is implemented by Tetra Tech, Inc. This publication was prepared to support the implementation of the CTI-CFF Regional and National Plans of Action using an ecosystem-based approach. The primary target audience is the CTI-CFF Thematic Working Groups, National Coordinating Committees, and Priority Geographies (also called Integration Sites). For more information on the Coral Triangle Initiative, please contact: Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security Interim-Regional Secretariat Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Mina Bahari Building II, 17th Floor Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16 Jakarta Pusat 10110, Indonesia www.coraltriangleinitiative.org More information on the Coral Triangle Initiative and support by USAID can be found at: www.uscti.org and www.usctsp.org This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Conservation International (CI), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), individual contributors from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the United States Coral Triangle Initiative Support Program Integrator. Contents do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Front cover photos: Fisher in Timor-Leste © USAID/WWF/Tory Read; Coral reef with red fan coral and anthius, Verde Island Passage, Philippines © Conservation International/ Sterling Zumbrunn Back cover photo: Misool Eco Dive Resort in Raja Ampat, Indonesia © Conservation International/Sterling Zumbrunn Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 6 About This Guide ................................................................................................................12 Acronyms............................................................................................................................. 15 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 16 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management .......................................................................................... 18 Benefits of EBM ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Challenges to EBM........................................................................................................................................ 20 The Core Team: Leadership for EBM Within a Management Area ................................................. 21 Section 1. The EBM Framework ....................................................................................... 23 EBM Workplan .............................................................................................................................................. 24 Section 2. Integrated Strategies and Diagnostic Tool for EBM...................................... 25 The EBM Diagnostic Tool ........................................................................................................................... 30 How to Use the Diagnostic Tool ............................................................................................................. 30 Incorporating New Activities into Existing Management Plans ......................................................... 38 Section 3: Collaborative Governance Arrangements for EBM ...................................... 39 Identifying Strategic Partners and Key Stakeholders ............................................................................ 40 Collaborative Governance Models ........................................................................................................... 42 Establishing the Appropriate Collaborative Governance Models ..................................................... 43 Developing a Shared Vision for Collaborative Governance ............................................................... 44 Adapting Existing Plans to Achieve EBM ................................................................................................. 44 Section 4: Work Planning, Implementation, and Adaptive EBM ................................... 46 Developing an EBM Work Plan ................................................................................................................. 46 Adaptive EBM ................................................................................................................................................ 48 Section 5: Examples of EBM in the Coral Triangle.......................................................... 52 Davao Gulf Management Council, Davao Gulf, Philippines ................................................................ 52 Palawan Province, Philippines..................................................................................................................... 54 Bird’s Head Seascape, West Papua, Indonesia ....................................................................................... 56 Manus Island, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea ............................................................................. 58 Southeast Cebu Island, Philippines............................................................................................................ 60 Nino Konis Santana National Park, Timor-Leste .................................................................................. 62 Tun Mustapha Park (Proposed), Sabah, Malaysia .................................................................................. 63 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 67 References ........................................................................................................................... 68 Appendices Appendix 1. Integrated Strategies, Management Activities, and Indicators of Progress ..................... 73 Appendix 2. U.S. CTI Support Program Integrated Glossary .................................................................... 87 Appendix 3. U.S. CTI Integrated Toolkit - List of Tools ............................................................................ 97 3 Figures Figure 1. The EBM Framework is comprised of three major elements: integrated strategies, collaborative governance arrangements, and adaptive management. Each of these are developed in accordance with the guiding principles for EBM through an EBM Framework. The framework and elements can be supported with an EBM Workplan, described in Section 4. ................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 2. Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security Implementation Area, including Priority Geographies and Integration Sites for the USAID-funded Coral Triangle Support Partnership project. ............................................................................ 17 Figure 3. Alignment of ecosystem-based management (EBM) outcomes and the five CTI-CFF RPOA goals. ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 4. Illustrative assessments of the percentage of management activities under each strategy (based on Table 1) being planned or implemented in two hypothetical coastal areas (red line). .................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 5. The recommended steps for adaptive ecosystem-based management in your coastal area. The core team should provide the leadership for this process. ................................ 48 Figure 6.