University of Bath PHD The Political Economy of Social Policy and Agrarian Transformation in Ethiopia Lavers, Tom Award date: 2013 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 ! ! The!political!economy!of!social!policy!and!agrarian! transformation!in!Ethiopia! ! ! Tom!Lavers! ! A!thesis!submitted!for!the!degree!of!Doctor!of!Philosophy! ! University!of!Bath! Department!of!Social!and!Policy!Sciences! ! March!2013! ! COPYRIGHT! Attention'is'drawn'to'the'fact'that'copyright'of'this'thesis'rests'with'the'author.'A'copy'of'this' thesis'has'been'supplied'on'condition'that'anyone'who'consults'it'is'understood'to'recognise'that' its'copyright'rests'with'the'author'and'that'they'must'not'copy'it'or'use'material'from'it'except'as' permitted'by'law'or'with'the'consent'of'the'author.' This'thesis'may'be'made'available'for'consultation'within'the'University'Library'and'may'be' photocopied'or'lent'to'other'libraries'for'the'purposes'of'consultation.' ' ! ii' ' Contents! List'of'maps,'tables'and'figures'.........................................................................................................'v' Acknowledgements'.........................................................................................................................'vii' Declaration'of'previously'submitted'material'.................................................................................'viii' Abstract'............................................................................................................................................'ix' Abbreviations'.....................................................................................................................................'x' Glossary'............................................................................................................................................'xii' PART'ONE'F'OUTLINE'OF'THE'STUDY'.................................................................................................'1' Chapter'one'F'Introduction'................................................................................................................'2' Chapter'two'F'A'framework'for'analysing'the'political'economy'of'social'policy'in'an'agrarian' economy'..........................................................................................................................................'12' Chapter'three'F'Methodology:'A'caseFbased'approach'to'social'policy'analysis'.............................'30' PART'TWO'F'POLICY'FORMULATION:'VISIONS'OF'SOCIAL'POLICY'AND'DEVELOPMENT'.................'51' Chapter'four'F'Competing'visions'of'social'policy'in'Ethiopia'..........................................................'52' Chapter'five'F'From'social'policy'discourse'to'policy'choices'..........................................................'74' PART'THREE'F'POLICY'IMPLEMENTATION:'ADAPTING'VISIONS'OF'SOCIAL'POLICY'TO'A'COMPLEX' REALITY'............................................................................................................................................'97' Chapter'six'F'Social'policy'and'agricultural'production'in'a'grain'surplus'site'...............................'101' Chapter'seven'F'Social'protection'and'‘graduation’'in'a'food'insecure'site'..................................'123' Chapter'eight'F'Agricultural'investment'and'new'forms'of'production'........................................'142' PART'FOUR'F'INTEGRATING'THE'MACRO'AND'MICRO:'THE'POLITICAL'ECONOMY'OF'ETHIOPIAN' SOCIAL'POLICY'...............................................................................................................................'159' Chapter'nine'F'Change'and'continuity'in'Ethiopian'agriculture'.....................................................'160' Chapter'ten'F'The'political'economy'of'social'policy'and'agricultural'development'in'Ethiopia'...'181' Chapter'eleven'F'Conclusions'........................................................................................................'200' References'.....................................................................................................................................'215' Appendix'A'–'Interview'schedules'.................................................................................................'239' Appendix'B'–'Interviews'conducted'..............................................................................................'248' iii' ' ' ! iv' ' List!of!maps,!tables!and!figures! Maps! Map'3.1.'Location'of'the'research'sites'...........................................................................................'47' Map'4.1.'Administrative'regions'during'late'Imperial'and'Derg'eras'(1950'–'1991)'.......................'54' Map'4.2.'Kilil'(ethnic'regions)'under'the'EPRDF'..............................................................................'58' Map'9.1.'Population'density'(people'per'sq.'km)'by'wereda'........................................................'162' Map'9.2.'Land'leased'to'investors'(000s'ha)'by'wereda'................................................................'162' Map'9.3.'Land'identified'for'investment'(000s'ha)'by'wereda'......................................................'163' ! Tables! Table'3.1.'Details'of'interviews'conducted'......................................................................................'44' Table'3.2.'Selection'criteria'for'case'study'sites'..............................................................................'46' Table'4.1.'Policy'indicators'of'discourses'on'land'...........................................................................'73' Table'5.1.'Summary'of'the'current'federal'and'regional'land'proclamations'.................................'77' Table'5.2.'Average'annual'growth'rates'by'sector'..........................................................................'83' Table'5.3.'The'marketed'proportion'of'major'crops'.......................................................................'84' Table'5.4.'The'economic'roles'of'foreign'investment'crops'............................................................'93' Table'6.1.'Ethnicity'of'household'heads'and'their'spouses'in'Turufe'Kechema'...........................'102' Table'6.2.'Access'to'agricultural'inputs'in'Turufe'Kechema'..........................................................'104' Table'6.3.'Sources'of'offFfarm'income'in'Turufe'Kechema'...........................................................'106' Table'6.4.'Access'to'agricultural'inputs'after'land'transfers'in'Turufe'Kechema'..........................'116' Table'7.1.'Ethnicity'in'Geblen'........................................................................................................'124' Table'7.2.'Access'to'agricultural'inputs'in'Geblen'.........................................................................'125' Table'7.3.'Sources'of'offFfarm'income'in'Geblen'..........................................................................'127' Table'8.1.'Access'to'agricultural'inputs'in'Korodegaga'.................................................................'143' Table'8.2.'Sources'of'offFfarm'income'in'Korodegaga'...................................................................'144' Table'9.1.'The'regional'distribution'of'investment'land'................................................................'163' Table'9.2.'A'typology'of'changing'land'use'...................................................................................'168' Table'9.3.'ERHS'households'classified'by'access'to'agricultural'inputs'.........................................'172' Table'9.4.'Percentage'of'households'using'improved'inputs'........................................................'178' ' Figures! Figure'3.1.'The'structure'of'government'institutions'......................................................................'37' Figure'5.1.'Use'of'improved'inputs'..................................................................................................'80' Figure'5.2.'Sectoral'allocation'of'aid'to'Ethiopia'.............................................................................'82' Figure'5.3.'Production'of'major'cereals'...........................................................................................'85' Figure'5.4.'Mean'yields'of'major'cereals'.........................................................................................'85' Figure'5.5.'Area'under'cultivation'...................................................................................................'86' Figure'5.6.'Prices'of'the'main'cereals'in'Ethiopia'............................................................................'86'