BIOGRAPHIES OF PEOPLE AND PLACE : THE HAREWOOD ESTATE , 1698-1813 NO. 1 OF 2 VOLUMES : MAIN TEXT TIMUR GURAN TATLIOGLU PHD UNIVERSITY OF YORK DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2010 1 Timur Tatlioglu Table of Contents CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................................V 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................... 1 Scales of Analysis.................................................................................................................................. 2 Multivocality ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Biography.............................................................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Archaeology.......................................................................................................................................... 5 Documentary Evidence ....................................................................................................................... 10 HAREWOOD AND ITS NATURAL SETTING .................................................................................................. 13 STRUCTURE .............................................................................................................................................. 16 PART I: CONTEXT..................................................................................................................................... 19 2. PEOPLE, PLACE AND LANDSCAPE................................................................................................... 19 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 19 ARCHAEOLOGIES OF THE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE : SCALES OF ANALYSIS .................................................. 19 Post-Medieval Archaeology in Britain................................................................................................ 20 Historical Archaeologies .................................................................................................................... 22 Critiquing Global Archaeologies........................................................................................................ 25 IDENTITIES IN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY : PEOPLE AND PLACE ............................................................. 27 Place, Identity and Landscape............................................................................................................ 31 PEOPLE & PLACE : A BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH ...................................................................................... 34 Biographies of Place........................................................................................................................... 35 Biographies of People......................................................................................................................... 39 Biographies of People and Place........................................................................................................ 42 WAYS OF TELLING ................................................................................................................................... 43 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 47 3. HAREWOOD IN CONTEXT .................................................................................................................. 49 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 49 I: EIGHTEENTH -CENTURY LANDED ESTATES : DEFINITION , APPROACH & BACKGROUND ........................ 50 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 50 Approach............................................................................................................................................. 51 Background......................................................................................................................................... 54 Improvement in Estate Landscapes..................................................................................................... 57 II: HAREWOOD BEFORE THE LASCELLES : C .1000-1738 ........................................................................... 67 Post-Conquest and Later Medieval Period......................................................................................... 67 Seventeenth Century (1607-1698)....................................................................................................... 74 The Early Eighteenth Century (1698-1738)........................................................................................ 79 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 85 PART II: ESTATE MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................... 86 4. HAREWOOD 1738-1771: ‘NEW BROOMS SWEEP CLEAN’............................................................. 86 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 86 THE LANDOWNER ’S INFLUENCE ON ESTATE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................... 87 THE HAREWOOD ESTATE AND ITS PLACE IN YORKSHIRE .......................................................................... 91 IMPROVEMENT , 1753-1771: HAREWOOD HOUSE , DESIGNED LANDSCAPE AND VILLAGE ......................... 94 The Construction of Harewood House................................................................................................ 95 Establishment of the Designed Landscape.......................................................................................... 98 The Redevelopment of Harewood Village......................................................................................... 102 i Timur Tatlioglu Table of Contents IMPROVEMENT FROM 1753-1771: ENCLOSURE , FIELDS AND FARMSTEADS ............................................ 108 Enclosure of Harewood common...................................................................................................... 110 Farmsteads and Consolidation ......................................................................................................... 116 Farm Buildings ................................................................................................................................. 119 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 125 5. HAREWOOD 1772-1813: PLAINS AND PROSPECTS ...................................................................... 126 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 126 THE LANDOWNERS ................................................................................................................................. 126 st Edward Lascelles, 1 Earl of Harewood (1740-1820)...................................................................... 127 Viscount Edward ‘Beau’ Lascelles (1764-1814) .............................................................................. 129 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAREWOOD ESTATE 1772-1813 ................................................................. 130 Investments........................................................................................................................................ 131 Agricultural Improvement................................................................................................................. 147 Pleasure, Aesthetics and the Home Farm ......................................................................................... 158 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 165 PART III: BIOGRAPHIES OF LANDSCAPE.......................................................................................... 167 INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDIES .......................................................................................................... 167 6. THE JOINERS’ WORKSHOP............................................................................................................... 171 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 171 ENVISAGING THE ESTATE YARD : EDWIN LASCELLES AND THE ESTATE ................................................. 173 BUILDING THE WORKSHOP