N O R T H W E S T E R N O NT A R I O : B O U ND A R E S R E S O U R C E S C O MMU NI C A T I O N S . PR E PA R E D U ND E R I NS T R U C T I O NS F R O M T HE finruutu PR I N 2 5 WE L L I NGT O N S T E E T WE S T T E D NT E R O S E C O . B Y HU . R , R 1 879 . T A B L E OF C ONT E NT S. Agr icult ural C ap acit y E R R A T A . i r ea sou r ce of t he s a d e . 1 6 fo r s out h of t he s aid rive r d riv r n a e 2 in , O p g , l e amy ak a oot for a n E l e ea ge 3 fou r th l n e f o f , R R L O n p a , i r m i y v r r” d o et t e en t s ecomi hu e , er he a I n ce en t s t S , O n p age 7 u n d d du m l m ” r n west e . ” 13 1 11 hu e ea h e s on a n d on 5 , ¢h\ age 2 fir s : ime for Y o , O n p 7 , , rk r d l ’ east e n . r or e in e o t o for most r ea u a e 40 ou r t e en t l fr m p , d m O p g , f h - - r e ad n o t est . n e o oot for n o t e as t p e 6 3 sixe emh f m f , h O u ag , li r r r h w Geological Feat ures Lin e of t he Can ad ian Pacific Clim at e E A S T E R N D I VIS IO N ’ Rout es t o Hu dson s B ay Lake Hu r on t o Moose Fact ory Moose Fact ory t o Michipicot on T A B L E OF C ONT E NT S. NO R T H - WE S T E R N O NT A R IO A rea Populat ion Lakes and Rivers I Agricult ural C apacit y WE S T E R N D IVIS IO N Lake Super ior to Lake of t he Woods T he D awson Rout e C an adian Pacific Railway I mprovemen t s of t he Lake Rout e I n du cemen t s to Set t lemen t V a e Kamin ist iqu ia. ll y V alley of t he Mat awin Height of Lan d A Pin e Regi on fl Rain y River A lbert on A dj acen t Territ ory in Min n esot a T he I n dian s Numb er Three Treat y Terms Oi t he Treat y Subsidies and Presen t s Progress in Civilizat ion in eat No 3 Numbers in clude d Tr y . Geological Feat ures L ac des Mill e Lacs to Win n ipeg River Lin e of t he C an adian Pacific E A S T E R N D IV IS IO N Lake Superior to J ames B ay ’ Rout es to Hu dson s B ay Lake Huron to Moose Fact ory Moose Fact ory to Mi chipicot on Lak e Nepigon to A lban y a e e on J o L k N pig to Lake S t . seph T NT S iv C O N E . Physical Peculiarit ies and A spect Moose Fact or y a te oos A l an Clim at M e and b y a Min eral Re s ources of J am es B ay and Neighb ourhood Wild A n imals of N ort h West ern O n t ario I n dian s of J ames B ay ’ HU D S O N S B A Y N e lson River V alley Rout e S oil and Climat e at Y ork and Churchhill ’ Navigat ion of Hudson s B ay s e es n e a s o e ce Fi h ri , Mi r l , and C mm r THWESTER N ONTA R I O NOR , mmmica 30 m and nmmunit atiuna , m B a w as r det er min y the award of the Arbitr tors , to whom refer ed the duty of * Nor t her n a ing the and Western Bound ries of the Province of Ontario , a vast and magn ificen t territory has been declared to be within the jurisdiction of the Ontario a fin e Go vernment and Legisl ture . This region contains within its limits , timber a a a a a e lands of gre t v lue , rich and v ried miner l deposits , rivers and l kes of nobl e —a fish n a pr portions , bounding in , and openi g up remote districts to tr vel and — t i S . commerce , and touches at once the head waters of the Lawrence nav ga t he a t a w u tion and shores of grea northern sea, the tre sures of hich , when so ght a with the ardour and appli nces of modern enterprise , may yield a return not even dreamed of by those old explorers and navigators who were most sanguine of it s s e resources . The possession of such a country neces arily entails upon its rulers som b m . urdens and any responsibilities To preserve peace and order, to administer t justice, to maintain civil rights , to encourage settlemen , to improve existing a d means of communic tion , to promote e ucation , are duties coming, under the law, o w ithin the functions of Provincial authority . It is therefore important to as er tain the advantages likely to accru e to the people of Ontario fr om the assumption of the new or additional obligation s in cidental to the possession of this extensive domain . T HE B OUND ARIES . a he The question of boundary set at rest by the aw rd, had been t subject of much laborious investigation '1' The Dominion Government contended that t he northern boundary of Ontario was the height of land forming the watershed of h t e S t . fift een Lawrence and great lakes , and skirting, at distances varying from fift n dNe i n a o . to y miles , the northern shores of Lakes Superior p g The western n t o a boundary , it was co tended , was be ascert ined by a line drawn due north C on . t at t es O n t . ca . T he r t r at or s er e e J u st ice ar r son S ir F r an c s n c s an d S u ( ) p iv A bi w , Chi f H i , i Hi k , S ir ar or n t on t he r t s n st er at W as n t on . Edw d Th , B i i h Mi i hi g S ee e or t on t he o n ar es of n t ar o a s 1873 a so an n est at on of the U n set t e R p B u d i O i , by D vid Mill , l I v ig i l d o n ar es of O n t ar io ar e n 8 s s e 1 73. B u d i , by Ch l Li d y , W 2 NORTH ESTERN ONTARIO , M fr om the con flu en ce of the Ohio and ississippi Rivers , and which was found to w 2 . t 89 9 m. 7 . be in longitude deg . sec west Such a line ould have intersec ed t m t O n Thunder Bay , divided the existing set le ents on its shores , aliena ed from ’ t— n n V a a o a tario a large distric i cludi g the ill ge of Prince Arthur s L nding, the p p a lation g t hering round Fort William , the site of the proj ected terminus of the a Pacific Pai on e Canadi n Railway, and the Townships of Blake , Crooks , Pardee , p g , — eebin McI n t r e a an d Oliver, N g, and y , lready under Ontario jurisdiction , left w ithin the Province , only a narrow strip north of the lakes and south of the d i w height of lan . Op nions ere divided as to the rights of the Province beyond the a boun daries contended for in behalf of the Dominion , but it will prob bly be found t he i is that decis on of the arbitrators , on the whole consistent with equity, con v en ien ce an d . a a a , public policy The aw rd decl res that the following are and sh ll a a be the boundaries of the Province of Ontario, n mely Commencing at point ’ a m i on the southern shore of Hudson s Bay, commonly c lled Ja es Bay, where a l ne produced due north from the head of Lake T emiscamin gu e would strike the said south shore , thence along the said south shore westerly to the mouth of the Albany t a l a River, hence up the middle of the s id A bany River and of the l kes thereon to t he at a S t .