PACIFIC NORTHWEST CONTAINER AVAILABILITY STUDY West Coast Container Traffic Analysis Submitted by: Eric Jessup (Principal Investigator) Associate Professor School of Economic Sciences Washington State University 301 Hulbert Hall Pullman, WA 99164-6420 Ph: 509-335-4987 [email protected] Suzette Galinato Research Associate School of Economic Sciences Washington State University [email protected] Zhazira Alisheva J. Bradley Eustice Research Assistants School of Economic Sciences Washington State University [email protected] [email protected] Submitted to: April Taylor Senior Economist USDA/AMS/TSD Pacific Northwest Container Availability Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Pacific Northwest Container Availability Study ............................................................ 1 I. Background ........................................................................................................ 6 II. Study Objectives .............................................................................................. 7 III. West Coast Port Profiles ................................................................................... 9 Northwest SeaPort Alliance: Ports of Seattle & Tacoma, WA .................................................. 9 Loaded container imports .............................................................................................................................. 9 Empty container imports ............................................................................................................................. 12 loaded container exports .............................................................................................................................. 13 empty container exports ............................................................................................................................... 17 container Availability ................................................................................................................................... 18 Port of Oakland, CA ........................................................................................................... 20 loaded container imports ............................................................................................................................. 20 empty container imports .............................................................................................................................. 23 Loaded container exports ............................................................................................................................. 25 empty container exports .............................................................................................................................. 27 container Availability ................................................................................................................................... 29 Ports of Los Angeles & Long Beach, CA ................................................................................ 31 loaded container imports ............................................................................................................................. 31 empty container imports .............................................................................................................................. 33 loaded container exports .............................................................................................................................. 35 empty container exports .............................................................................................................................. 38 container Availability ................................................................................................................................... 39 Summary Analysis .............................................................................................................. 42 Ports of Seattle & Tacoma, WA ................................................................................................................... 42 Port of Oakland, CA ..................................................................................................................................... 43 Ports of Los Angeles & Long Beach, CA ........................................................................................................ 44 IV. Stakeholder Perspectives on Container Challenges in the Pacific Northwest ............. 46 V. Economic Assessment of PNW Container Availability Challenges ............................. 49 Ocean Carriers .................................................................................................................. 49 Class I Rail Carriers ............................................................................................................ 51 shippers............................................................................................................................. 52 VI. implementation & Outreach Plan ......................................................................... 53 Port operational improvements............................................................................................ 53 Collective Coordinating Organization .................................................................................. 53 Inland Container Terminal / hub .......................................................................................... 54 Container Simulation Model to identify site potential ...........................................................56 3 Pacific Northwest Container Availability Study VI. References ......................................................................................................... 58 FIGURES Figure 1: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Average Monthly Loaded Container Imports, 2012-2017 .................................. 9 Figure 2: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Loaded Container Imports by Destination State, 2012-2017 .............. 10 Figure 3: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Loaded Container Imports by Top 10 Commodity Types, 2012-2017 . 11 Figure 4: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Loaded Container Imports by Top 10 Ports of Departure, 2012-2017. 11 Figure 5: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Average Monthly Empty Container Imports, 2013-2017 ................................. 12 Figure 6: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Empty Container Imports by Destination State, 2013-2017 ............... 13 Figure 7: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Average Monthly Loaded Container Exports, 2013-2017 ................................ 14 Figure 8: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Loaded Container Exports by Origin State, 2013-2017 ....................... 15 Figure 9: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Loaded Container Exports by Top 10 Commodity Types, 2013-2017 . 16 Figure 10: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Loaded Container Exports by Top 10 Ports of Arrival, 2013-2017 ..... 16 Figure 11: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Average Monthly Empty Container Exports, 2014-2017 ................................ 17 Figure 12: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma Annual Empty Container Exports by Origin State, 2014-2017 ...................... 18 Figure 13: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma 20 ft Dry Container Availability, 2012-2017 ................................................... 19 Figure 14: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma 40 ft Dry Container Availability, 2012-2017 .................................................. 19 Figure 15: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma 40 ft High-Cube Container Availability, 2012-2017 ....................................... 19 Figure 16: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma 20 ft Refrigerated Container Availability, 2012-2017 ..................................... 20 Figure 17: Ports of Seattle and Tacoma 40 ft Refrigerated Container Availability, 2012-2017 ..................................... 20 Figure 18: Port of Oakland Average Monthly Loaded Container Imports, 2012-2017 ................................................. 21 Figure 19: Port of Oakland Annual Loaded Container Imports by Destination State, 2012-2017 ................................ 22 Figure 20: Port of Oakland Annual Loaded Container Imports by Top 10 Commodity Types, 2012-2017 .................. 23 Figure 21: Port of Oakland Annual Loaded Container Imports by Top 10 Ports of Departure, 2012-2017 .................. 23 Figure 22: Port of Oakland Average Monthly Empty Container Imports, 2013-2017 .................................................. 24 Figure 23: Port of Oakland Annual Empty Container Imports by Destination State, 2013-2017 ................................. 24 Figure 24: Port of Oakland Average Monthly Loaded Container Exports, 2013-2017 ................................................. 25 Figure 25: Port of Oakland Annual Loaded Container Exports by Origin State, 2014-2017 ........................................ 26 Figure 26: Port of Oakland Annual Loaded Container Exports by Top 10 Commodity Types, 2013-2017 .................. 27 Figure 27: Port of Oakland Annual Loaded Container Exports by Top 10 Ports of Arrival, 2013-2017 ....................... 27 Figure 28: Port of Oakland Average Monthly Empty Container Exports, 2014-2017 .................................................. 28 Figure 29: Port of Oakland Annual Empty Container Exports by Origin State, 2014-2017......................................... 28 Figure 30: Port of Oakland 20 ft Dry Container Availability, 2012-2017 ..................................................................... 29 Figure 31: Port