
Using the GNU Compiler Collection For gcc version 4.6.3 (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2012.03-42) Richard M. Stallman and the GCC Developer Community Published by: GNU Press Website: www.gnupress.org a division of the General: [email protected] Free Software Foundation Orders: [email protected] 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Tel 617-542-5942 Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Fax 617-542-2652 Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1. Printed copies are available for $45 each. Copyright c 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being \Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development. i Short Contents Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Programming Languages Supported by GCC ::::::::::::::: 3 2 Language Standards Supported by GCC :::::::::::::::::: 5 3 GCC Command Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 4 C Implementation-defined behavior ::::::::::::::::::::: 283 5 C++ Implementation-defined behavior :::::::::::::::::: 291 6 Extensions to the C Language Family ::::::::::::::::::: 293 7 Extensions to the C++ Language :::::::::::::::::::::: 587 8 GNU Objective-C features :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 599 9 Binary Compatibility :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 615 10 gcov|a Test Coverage Program ::::::::::::::::::::::: 619 11 Known Causes of Trouble with GCC :::::::::::::::::::: 627 12 Reporting Bugs ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 643 13 How To Get Help with GCC :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 645 14 Contributing to GCC Development ::::::::::::::::::::: 647 Funding Free Software ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 649 The GNU Project and GNU/Linux::::::::::::::::::::::::: 651 GNU General Public License :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 653 GNU Free Documentation License ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 665 Contributors to GCC :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 673 Option Index :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 689 Keyword Index ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 707 iii Table of Contents Introduction :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Programming Languages Supported by GCC ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2 Language Standards Supported by GCC ::::: 5 2.1 C language::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.2 C++ language ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 2.3 Objective-C and Objective-C++ languages ::::::::::::::::::::: 7 2.4 Go language ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.5 References for other languages :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 3 GCC Command Options ::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 3.1 Option Summary::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 3.2 Options Controlling the Kind of Output ::::::::::::::::::::::: 23 3.3 Compiling C++ Programs :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 28 3.4 Options Controlling C Dialect ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29 3.5 Options Controlling C++ Dialect ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 34 3.6 Options Controlling Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects :: 43 3.7 Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting ::::::::::: 47 3.8 Options to Request or Suppress Warnings ::::::::::::::::::::: 47 3.9 Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC ::::::::::::::::: 70 3.10 Options That Control Optimization :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 89 3.11 Options Controlling the Preprocessor:::::::::::::::::::::::: 138 3.12 Passing Options to the Assembler ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 148 3.13 Options for Linking ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 149 3.14 Options for Directory Search :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 152 3.15 Specifying subprocesses and the switches to pass to them :::: 154 3.16 Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version :::::::::::: 161 3.17 Hardware Models and Configurations ::::::::::::::::::::::: 162 3.17.1 ARC Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 162 3.17.2 ARM Options:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 162 3.17.3 AVR Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 167 3.17.3.1 EIND and Devices with more than 128k Bytes of Flash :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 168 3.17.4 Blackfin Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 169 3.17.5 CRIS Options:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 172 3.17.6 CRX Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 174 3.17.7 Darwin Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 174 3.17.8 DEC Alpha Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 177 3.17.9 DEC Alpha/VMS Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 182 3.17.10 FR30 Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 182 iv Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 3.17.11 FRV Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 182 3.17.12 GNU/Linux Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 186 3.17.13 H8/300 Options::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 187 3.17.14 HPPA Options:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 187 3.17.15 Intel 386 and AMD x86-64 Options ::::::::::::::::::: 190 3.17.16 i386 and x86-64 Windows Options :::::::::::::::::::: 202 3.17.17 IA-64 Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 203 3.17.18 IA-64/VMS Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 207 3.17.19 LM32 Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 207 3.17.20 M32C Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 207 3.17.21 M32R/D Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 208 3.17.22 M680x0 Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 209 3.17.23 M68hc1x Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 214 3.17.24 MCore Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 215 3.17.25 MeP Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 216 3.17.26 MicroBlaze Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 218 3.17.27 MIPS Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 219 3.17.28 MMIX Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 230 3.17.29 MN10300 Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 232 3.17.30 PDP-11 Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 233 3.17.31 picoChip Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 234 3.17.32 PowerPC Options::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 234 3.17.33 IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC Options :::::::::::::::::: 234 3.17.34 RX Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 248 3.17.35 S/390 and zSeries Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 250 3.17.36 Score Options::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 253 3.17.37 SH Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 254 3.17.38 Solaris 2 Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 258 3.17.39 SPARC Options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 258 3.17.40 SPU Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 262 3.17.41 Options for System V ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 264 3.17.42 V850 Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 264 3.17.43 VAX Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 266 3.17.44 VxWorks Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 266 3.17.45 x86-64 Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 266 3.17.46 Xstormy16 Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 266 3.17.47 Xtensa Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 266 3.17.48 zSeries Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 268 3.18 Options for Code Generation Conventions ::::::::::::::::::: 268 3.19 Environment Variables Affecting GCC :::::::::::::::::::::: 277 3.20 Using Precompiled Headers ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 279 v 4 C Implementation-defined behavior :::::::: 283 4.1 Translation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 283 4.2 Environment::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 283 4.3 Identifiers:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 283 4.4 Characters ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 284 4.5 Integers:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 284 4.6 Floating point ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 285 4.7 Arrays and pointers :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 286 4.8 Hints :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 287 4.9 Structures, unions, enumerations, and bit-fields ::::::::::::::: 287 4.10 Qualifiers ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 288 4.11 Declarators ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 288 4.12 Statements ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 288 4.13 Preprocessing directives ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 288 4.14 Library functions ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 289 4.15 Architecture :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 289 4.16 Locale-specific behavior ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 289 5 C++ Implementation-defined behavior :::: 291 5.1 Conditionally-supported behavior :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 291 5.2 Exception handling :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 291 6 Extensions to the C Language Family :::::: 293 6.1 Statements and Declarations in Expressions :::::::::::::::::: 293 6.2 Locally Declared Labels :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 294 6.3 Labels as Values :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
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