on site sanitation case study 03: recode - System design example with various discharge options. Diagram by Jetsgroup 2009. How it Works Installation Costs In Use: New: a vacuum pump and deposited in a holding tank, anaerobic digest- - er, or other treatment system. metic 2012). User Responsibilities: Space required: vacuum pump is located behind each toilet Operations & Maintenance: Anaerobic digesters require professional making the toilet slightly larger. - sional servicing. as a holding tank. Electricity: Treatment and vacuum pumping are more expensive than conventional but Meets Lapine Limits if not piping and installation costs are much lower, becoming economical discharged onsite. when two or more households share a system. recode: legalizing sustainability last updated July 2012 on site sanitation case study 03: Vacuum Flush Vacuum Toilet Installations - cal choices for boats, trains, marina and clusters of houses, or small town systems. Vacuum Sewer Installations OR, install vacuum sewers - ing, high groundwater, or as - tem, often connecting them to - conventional gravity-drained sewers. A Suburban town outside of residents outside of town. recode: legalizing sustainability last updated July 2012 on site sanitation case study 03: Vacuum Flush Installing in Oregon Plumbing Code Requires Gravity Drainage Where Ever Practicable. in the Oregon Plumbing Specialty Code. Sewers are Not Permitted Outside Urban Growth Bound- ary As vacuum systems are usually cost effective only for 2 or more households, they would classify as “sewer systems” and would not be permitted outside urban growth boundaries without a determi- Recommended Reading: abate a public health hazard, and the connected structures existed prior to 1998. - - ny. www.giz.de Vacuum Toilets Cannot be Connected to Composting Sys- tem non-water carried treatment system, such as a composting system. Requiring Special Permits which means the blackwater is less diluted, potentially lowering treatment costs. However, less diluted blackwater could cause it to be considered higher than residential strength blackwater, requir- recode: legalizing sustainability last updated July 2012 on site sanitation case study 03: Anaerobic Digester Explained that requires further treatment to be used as a soil amendment and (b) biogas which can be used for en- - Anaerobic digesters are oxygen-less tanks where carbonaceous material is digested by bacteria into meth- - ing on temperature and activity of bacteria in the system. Operation and Maintenance: Pros & Cons: + Small land area required (most of the structure can be built under- ground) - Requires expert design, skilled construction and operation over- sight. - Odor control is an issue, as sulfur dioxide has a potent rotten egg smell On-site Sanitation Case Study 03: Vacuum Flush + Anaerobic Digester Citations Authors: - Project Manager: Melora - Golden Foundation - - Creative Commons - www.RecodeOregon.org recode: legalizing sustainability last updated July 2012 .