Archaeological Survey and Testing of Select Locations, McLeod Plantation, James Island Archaeological Contributions 41 The Charleston Museum September 2008 Archaeological Survey and Testing of Select Locations, McLeod Plantation, James Island 2007Archaeological Field School College of Charleston/The Charleston Museum By Martha Zierden Lynn Harris With contributions from Ronald Anthony Barbara Borg Tim Chesser Archaeological Contributions 41 The Charleston Museum Prepared for American College for the Building Arts Charleston, South Carolina September 2008 ii Table of Contents Chapter I: Introduction Introduction . 1 Previous Research . 4 Research Potential . 6 Chapter II: Background Site Description . 9 History of the Property . 10 Summary of Occupation . 27 Chapter III: Survey of Area C Field Methods . 29 Results . 32 Summary . 34 Chapter IV: Survey of the Waterfront Introduction . 49 Location . 49 Fieldwork . 49 Material Culture . 55 Recommendations . 57 Chapter V: Testing Near the Allee Proposed Research . 59 Field Methods . 60 Description of Proveniences . 61 Laboratory Procedures . 65 Analysis of Material Culture . 66 Summary . 83 Chapter VI: Testing the Dairy Field Methods . 89 Description of Excavated Proveniences . 90 Material Culture . 94 Interpretations . 107 Chapter VII: Summary Summary of Findings . 111 References Cited . 117 iii List of Figures Chapter I 1. McLeod House, south elevation . 1 2. Charleston quadrangle, showing McLeod location . 2 3. View of Allee and Slave Cabins . 3 4. View of fields, facing south . 3 5. Map of McLeod, showing projects by Brockington . 5 6. Slave Cabins in 1930 and 2008 . 7 Chapter II 7. Front of McLeod house, view of waterfront . 9 8. Map of Sensitivity Zones . 9 9. Mortier map of 1696 . 11 10. Plat of William Wilkins’ lands . 12 11. Plat of Edward Lightfoot’s lands . 14 12. Copy of Clinton map showing “Lightfoot” . 15 13. Revolutionary War map showing farmlands . 14. Confederate Engineer’s map . 21 15. 1862 Map of James Island . 22 16. Agricultural Society Picnic, 1903 . 24 17. 1910 Plat of McLeod Plantation . 25 18. 1930s photos of McLeod . 26 19. McLeod house and kitchen, 1982 . 27 20. Cabins at McLeod, 1982 . 28 Chapter III 21. Map of Survey Area . 29 22. Layout of Baseline, Field A . 30 23. Grid Layout, Field B . 31 24. Survey of Field C . 32 25. North Section of Field C . 33 26. Artifact density, field survey . 34 27. Density, domestic artifacts . 35 28. Density, building material . 36 Chapter IV 29. Topographic map showing waterfront and land test areas . 50 30. Aerial view of waterfront testing area . 51 31. Aerial view of McLeod, facing east . 52 32. McLeod plat on Charleston quadrangle . 52 33. McLeod engineering plan on Charleston quadrangle . 53 34. Shovel Test Pit grid, datum points, and pilings . 54 35. Northeast wasll, Unit B0, showing charcoal lens . 55 36. Shovel Testing in Progress . 56 iv 37. Field Inventory of STP content . 56 38. Unverwater Survey in Progress . 57 Chapter V 39. Site map of testing area . 59 40. views of testing in progress . 60 41. Location of Vertical Reference Point . 60 42. N840 E580 . 61 43. N805 E660, profile . 62 44. View of test area, showing surface relief . 62 45. Features in N805 E660 . 62 46. N825 E650, post stains . 63 47. N820 E620, showing plow scars . 64 48. N675 E940, feature 15 . 64 49. North Devon Gravel Tempered Ware, Lead glazed ware . 68 50. Slipwares, Staffordshire and American . 69 51. Lead glazed earthenwares . 70 52. Stonewares . 70 53. Delft . 71 54. Black transfer-printed creamware, overglazed porcelain . 73 55. Pearlwares . 74 56. Whitewares . 76 57. 19th Century Stonewares . 77 58. Colono ware . 78 59. Pottery with Native American paste . 78 60. Bottle glass . 79 61. Worked flint . 81 62. Buttons . 82 63. Paste jewel, bead . 82 64. Fragment of gold jewelry . 83 65. Toothbrush, brass tack . 83 Chapter VI 66. Views of dairy building . 89 67. Site map, dairy excavations . 90 68. Excavations in progress . 91 69. Test Unit 3, base of chimney . 91 70. Test Unit 2, base excavation and exposed pier . 92 71. Excavtion in progress, Test Unit 2 . 92 72. Test Unit 1, cellar foundation and associated features . 93 73. Feature 28 in Test Unit 1, Test Unit 4 . 93 74. Whiteware teacup, plate rim . ..