ISSN 0429-9345 FAO Fishing fleet profiling FISHERIES TECHNICAL methodology PAPER 423 FAO Fishing fleet profiling FISHERIES TECHNICAL methodology PAPER 423 by Jocelyne Ferraris Institut de recherche pour le développement Nouméa, New Caledonia FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2002 iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This technical paper on fishing fleet profiling methodology is aimed at fisheries managers and decision-makers in developing countries who may have a scientific background but who are not necessarily specialists in statistics. It provides methods for profiling fishing fleets according to the available data and different management needs. Its aim is to provide a practical guide which makes these methods easily accessible, and which demonstrates the principles underlying the different standard techniques for profiling fishing fleets without claiming to eliminate the need for expert statistical analysis of complex multivariate data sets. The methods presented are of specific interest to technical staff in Fisheries Departments and those responsible for the collection and analysis of data on fishery resources and fleets. This work is based on experiences profiling different fishing fleets, notably the Moroccan coastal fishery and the artisanal fishery of Senegal, as well as numerous studies carried out by Ifremer on French fisheries. Many of the examples provided in this document are drawn from previous work on profiling fleets, and include extracts from the following documents: ! Ferra ris, J. 1997. Typologie de la flottille côtière marocaine. Tome 1: analyse des caractéristiques techniques des bateaux; Tome 2: analyse des stratégies d'exploitation. Projet FAO TCP/MOR/4556. ! Pelletier, D. & Ferraris, J. 2000. A multivariate approach for defining fishing tactics from commercial catch and effort data. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57: 1-15. ! Rochet, M.J., Ferraris, J., Biseau, A. & Sabatier, R. 1994. Méthodes pour la typologie des flottilles de pêche: bilan et ouverture. Séminaire de typologie des flottilles, Nantes, 29-31 mars 1994. Ifremer, Nantes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks to Joël Prado for having given me the opportunity to develop and present my work on fleet profiling, for his many corrections and suggestions, as well as for his great patience. Thanks are also due to Marc Taconet for making me welcome in M orocco and for permitting the use of unpublished information. This work could not have taken place without the intervention of Thang Do Chi, now professor at the University of Montpellier II, France, under whose guidance the work of producing a profile of Moroccan coastal fleets became an enriching experience. Thank you also to my colleagues and friends at Ifremer’s Maerha laboratory in Nantes for the cordial welcome and the many beneficial exchanges with the methodological specialists of the team. Lastly, particular mention is due of my gratitude to Francis Lalöé and Allasane Samba, who made me aware of the tactics and strategies of fishing, and helped me to discover and love the Senegalese small-scale fishery. Address: Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) BP A5, 98840 Nouméa (New Caledonia) [email protected] Distribution: Directors of Fisheries Fisheries Research Institutes – English speaking countries 2 iv Ferraris, J. Fishing fleet profiling methodology. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 423. Rome, FAO. 2002. 87p. ABSTRACT A fishing fleet profile aims to assist in understanding the complexity and structure of fisheries from a technical and socio-economic point of view, or from the point of view of fishing strategies. A profile consists of analysing the characteristics of individual units of the fleet, for example the boats, in order to classify these units and summarize the heterogeneity of the whole through a description of the component elements and their interrelationships. The identification of the various qualitative and quantitative parameters describing a fishing fleet, together with the characteristics of the boats associated with these parameters, constitutes a profile of the fleet. This document describes the steps necessary to produce such a profile, from planning and the implementation of the fleet survey, through data processing to the presentation of the results. The processes of analysis, classification and description require the application of specific statistical methods in order to extract the items of information that are fundamental and relevant to the objectives of the profile from a data-set consisting of the variables describing the units of the fleet. Various methods of data analysis are presented here in order to demonstrate their potential uses and relevance to different situations. The aim is to make them intuitively comprehensible without elaborating upon their theoretical basis. The Moroccan inshore fishery and the Senegalese small-scale fisheries have been used as examples in this document. 3 v TAB LE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT...............................................................................................1 2. METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................................5 2.1. Preparatory work ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Survey techniques ...............................................................................................................6 2.2.1. Fishery catch and effort.....................................................................................................6 2.2.2. Characteristics of fishing units...........................................................................................7 2.2.3. Following-up to acquire supplementary data on fishing units.................................................8 2.3. Development of questionnaires..........................................................................................8 2.4. S ampling techniques .........................................................................................................10 2.5. Data-processing techniques..............................................................................................11 2.6. Statistical processing.........................................................................................................14 2.6.1. Steps in statistical processing...........................................................................................14 2.6.2. Methods of statistical processing ......................................................................................15 2.6.2.1. Statistical tables....................................................................................................................................................................16 2.6.2.2. Statistical graphs...................................................................................................................................................................17 2.6.2.3. Statistical tests.......................................................................................................................................................................19 2.6.2.4. Data Analysis........................................................................................................................................................................21 2.6.3. The process of analysis………………………………………………………………………………. 24 3. RESULTS.................................................................................................................................30 3.1. Empirical interpretation of results..................................................................................30 3.2. Examples of fleet profiling...............................................................................................34 3.2.1. Catch and fishing effort...................................................................................................34 3.2.2. Vessel technical characteristics......................................................................................... 35 3.2.3. Exploitation Strategies ....................................................................................................40 3.3. Making use of the results..................................................................................................45 3.4. Presentation of results ......................................................................................................48 4. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................57 4.1. Means necessary for typological studies: personnel, cost and duration ......................57 4.2. Follow-up activities necessary and/or desirable complementary activities.................59 5. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................60 ANNEXES.....................................................................................................................................61 ANNEX I: Survey questionnaire for the Moroccan coastal fleet profile.................................................61 ANNEX II: Follow-up questionnaire for artisanal fishing boats in Senegal ...........................................71 ANNEX III: Description of the database structure for the 8 data-sets used in the typological profile of the Moroccan coastal fleets ...................................................................................................................73