Jesus and the Jewish Roots of Mary A book by Brant Pitre INTRODUCTION THE NEW EVE THE NEW ARK CATHOLIC BELIEF INTRODUCTION WHERE DOES IT SAY THAT IN SCRIPTURE? LOOK THROUGH ANCIENT JEWISH EYES PERPETUAL VIRGINITY SINLESSNESS MOTHER OF GOD IDENTITY INTERCESSOR ASSUMPTION 1. ROOTED IN ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY INTRODUCTION 2. FLOWS FROM WHAT WE BELIEVE ABOUT JESUS ANCIENT CCC 487 3. CHRISTIAN BELIEFS – FROM OLD TESTAMENT TYPOLOGIES OF JESUS AND MARY PREFIGURE FULLFILLMENT BEGIN WITH JESUS JESUS IS THE NEW ADAM –THE LAST ADAM (St. Paul) THE NEW EVE Romans 5:17-19 1Cor 15: 45, 47 WHO IS THE NEW EVE? 1 ADAM & EVE – CREATED IN A STATE OF MORAL GOODNESS & THE NEW EVE IMMORTALITY ~ 2ND CREATION STORY – “She shall be called woman” ~ THE WOMAN Gn 2: 21-23 IN EDEN ~ THE WOMAN IS NOT CALLED EVE UNTIL AFTER THE FALL Gn 3:20 2 THE FALL Gn 3:16 Eve is not alone when she sins THE NEW EVE Neither acts in isolation They both sufFer the eFFects oF their choice Driven out oF Garden ~ THE WOMAN Childbirth painful IN EDEN Toil to eat LOOSE THE GIFT OF ORIGINAL GOODNESS & IMMORTALITY 3 THE SERPENT IS ALSO PUNISHED Gn 3:14-15 Spiritual Battle between offspring of woman and snake THE NEW EVE Humanity and the Devil and his angels Gn 4:1.7 ~ THE WOMAN IN EDEN FOUR PARTIES IN THE BATTLE IN GEN 3:15 1. The Serpent vs 2. The Woman 3. Serpent’s offspring vs 4. Woman’s offspring Strike the heel Strikes head BOTH SIDES APPEAR TO LOOSE • LATER JEWISH WRITING –THE SERPENT IS SATAN WISDOM 2:24 THE NEW EVE • SIN & DEATH ARE TRANSMITTED TO ALL DESCENDENTS SIRACH 25:24 ~ OUTSIDE THE • AROUND THE TIME OF JESUS ~ JEWISH BIBLE FOUNDATIONS ~ FOR WHAT WOULD BECOME DOC. OF O. S. • THE PROTOEVANGELIUM (1st GospEl) ROOTED IN JEWISH SOIL GN 3:15 ~ PROPHECY OF THE MESSIAH . GOSPEL OF JOHN / REVELATION MARY’S DEPICTION ECHOS EVE JOHN: MARY APPEARS TWICE – CANA, (2:1-12) CROSS (19: 25-27) Cana – took place on the 3RD day.*** THE NEW EVE Book of Genesis Gospel of John In the beginning God created In the beginning was the Word… ~ MARY – the heaven and the earth… (1:1) and the Word was God. (1:1) THE NEW EVE Seven days of the New Creation - John 1. Testimony – John the Baptist (1:19) 2. “The next day” (Jn 1:29) Baptism of Jesus 3. “The next day” (Jn 1:35) Jesus meets Andrew & Peter 4. “The next day” (Jn 1:43) Jesus meets Philip & Nathan 7. “The third day” (aft day 4) (Jn 2:1) CANA GOSPEL OF JOHN / REVELATION MARY’S DEPICTION ECHOS EVE / John’s gospel MARY APPEARS TWICE – CANA, (2:1-12) & the CROSS (19: 25-27) Seven days of the New Creation – John THE NEW EVE NEW CREATION – JESUS IS THE NEW ADAM ~ MARY – AT CANA – JESUS ADDRESSES HIS MOTHER AS ”WOMAN” THE NEW EVE IN GENESIS EVE – 1 X EVE INVITES ADAM TO SIN WOMAN 11 X MARY INVITES JESUS TO HIS FIRST SIGN GOSPEL OF JOHN / REVELATION MARY’S DEPICTION ECHOS EVE / John’s gospel The Crucifixion Jesus’ death – the hour in which the devil will be conquered Jn 12: 31-33 THE NEW EVE Addresses Mary as “Woman” again Jn 19: 25-27 EVE ~ Gn 3:1-6, 15 MARY ~ Jn 2: 1-12 & Jn 19:25-27 ~ MARY – 1. Woman 11 times Woman 2 times THE NEW EVE 2. Invites Adam to sin (1st sin) Invites Jesus (1st sign) 3. With Adam at the Fall With Jesus at the Crucifixion 4. Mother of offspring who Mother of offspring who conquers the serpent conquers the Devil GOSPEL OF JOHN / REVELATION MARY’S DEPICTION ECHOS EVE / Book of Revelation WOMAN ~ SERPENT ~ MESSIAH • Rev 12:1-9, 13 The woman clotHed by tHe sun ~ WHo is sHe? THE NEW EVE Individual? A group? ____ • MotHer of tHe MessiaH ~ MARY – BirtHs a male child wHo rules all nations THE NEW EVE OR • A Symbol for tHe People of God Jerusalem ~ ”Bride of God” Is 62:1-6 Hos 2:16 Sufferings of tHe people Is 26:17 Jer 4:31 – 5:1 MicaH 4:10 GOSPEL OF JOHN / REVELATION MARY’S DEPICTION ECHOS EVE / Book of Revelation WOMAN ~ SERPENT ~ MESSIAH ---- THE NEW EVE • Church = The Bride of Christ / New Jerusalem Rev 19: 7-8 21: 1-9 ~ MARY – • Woman = Symbol for Israel / Church / Both THE NEW EVE BOTH / AND ~ INDIVIDUAL / SYMBOL FOR THE CHURCH THREE INDIVIDUALS IN REV 12 SERPENT DEVIL (individual) SATAN CHILD MESSIAH “ CHRIST WOMAN MOTHER OF MESSIAH “ MARY GOSPEL OF JOHN / REVELATION MARY’S DEPICTION ECHOS EVE / Book of Revelation WOMAN ~ SERPENT ~ MESSIAH NOT MERE SYMBOLS ~ ApoCalyptiC symbols for larger groups THREE INDIVIDUALS IN REV 12 SERPENT DEVIL (individual) SATAN THE NEW EVE CHILD MESSIAH “ CHRIST WOMAN MOTHER OF MESSIAH “ MARY ~ MARY – 7 HEADS - 10 HORNS 7 KINGS - 10 KINGS 17:7-14 THE NEW EVE CHILD – perseCuted by the dragon Followers of Jesus 12:17 “rest of the woman’s offspring” DRAGON WiCked kings of the world WOMAN The Church –The people of God BOTH / AND Woman = BOTH Mary AND the People of God THE NEW EVE MARY ~ EVE ~ THE DOCTRINE OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ~ IMMACULATE ANCIENT CHRISTIANS – MARY IS THE NEW EVE MARY CHURCH FATHERS CREATION OF EVE – IMMACULATE CONCEPTION Mary, like Eve, created without sin THE NEW EVE Mary, the second Eve, must be greater than Eve ~ IMMACULATE THE RULE : O.T. “TYPES” ARE NEVER GREATER THAN THE N.T. FULFILLMENT MARY EVE – created “very good” (without sin) Gn 1:27-31 MARY – the exception to the rule after the Fall Not earned – a pure gift of God’s grace CREATION OF EVE – IMMACULATE CONCEPTION MARY – created without sin, then is she less than fully human? ADAM & EVE – were also created “very good” OLD TESTAMENT NEW TESTAMENT THE NEW EVE Adam: created without sin Jesus: conceived without sin Eve: created without sin Mary: conceived without sin ~ IMMACULATE Pius X - dogma 1854 – singular grace of God and by the virtue of the MARY merits of Jesus Christ. Luke 1:47 Mary can truly declare that “God” is her “Savior” MARY – BEGINNING OF THE NEW CREATION What grace can do! 2 Cor 5:17 – Undoing the effects of the Fall Jesus – lived without sin (earth) – we too can be completely free THE NEW EVE Heb 12:23 Spirits of just men made perfect Rom 5:19 God makes us Righteous by grace ~ IMMACULATE Rev 21:5 Behold, I make all things new MARY Eve is not the only figure in the Jewish Bible that points to Mary. At Jesus’ time: Jerusalem, Temple, Holy of Holies is empty THE NEW ARK Hope for the Ark’s return The Lost Ark of Jesus ~ New Adam ~ New Moses ~ New Exodus the Covenant MOSES JESUS Fasted 40 days Fasted 40 days People fed with Manna Fed the multitude, loaves and fishes Twelve tribes of Israel Twelve Apostles differ Journey Egypt --> the Promised Land Jerusalem à Heaven Where is the New Ark? THE ARK 1. Dwelling place for God on earth 2. Held the Ten Commandments 3. Incorruptible wood (Acacia) 4. Gold THE NEW ARK 5. Where Cloud of Glory will descend Cloud – A means for God to lead people in battle The Lost Ark of Israelites victorious when Ark was in their midst. (Joshua 6: 1-21) the Covenant Ark absent they were defeated. (Numbers 14:44-45) 1000 BC: David, Ark àTemple ~ David rejoices Ps 132 A Psalm of Ascent Ark à Holy of Holies… Cloud fills the Temple Death of Solomon – Kingdoms split / 587 Temple destroyed / Glory cloud disappears Ezekiel 10 Where is the Ark? There are many claims: Jeremiah à Mt. Nebo 2 Maccabees 2:2-8 THE NEW ARK Jeremiah : priest in Jerusalem Temple Nebo: Where Moses had gone up to see the Promised Land The Lost Ark of Location: the Covenant unknown until God shows his mercy and brings back the Cloud of Glory First century people were waiting for the return of the Ark The new Moses and the new Ark Annunciation: Return of the Cloud of Glory ~ Luke and Revelation Luke 1:26 – 38 Through Ancient Jewish Eyes THE NEW ARK Mary : “How shall this be….?” Gabriel’s response: Lk 1:35 Mary the new Ark Compare LXX and Greek of Luke EPISKIAZO Ark in the tabernacle – special place of God’s dwelling New Exodus THE TABERNACLE THE VIRGIN MARY The cloud of the Lord’s glory The Holy Spirit “overshadows” “overshadows” (episkiazo) the (episkiazo) the Virgin Mary. Tabernacle. Ex 40: 34-35 Luke 1:35 Visitation: New Ark Revealed (Lk 1:39 – 56) Read in light of the story of David, Ark – Jesus THE ARK OF THE COVENANT THE VIRGIN MARY The glory of the Lord and the cloud cover The Holy Spirit comes upon Mary and the Tabernacle (containing the Ark) and the power of the Most High “overshadow” (episkiazo) them. “overshadows” (episkiazo) her. THE NEW ARK Ex 40:34 – 35 Lk 1:35 David “arose and went” to the hill Mary ”arose and went” into the hill country of Judah, to bring up “the ark of country of Judah to visit Elizabeth. Mary the new Ark God.” 2 Sm 6:2 Luke 1:39 David admits his unworthiness to receive Elizabeth admits her unworthiness to the Ark by exclaiming : “How can the Ark receive Mary by exclaiming : “and why is of the Lord come of me?” 2 Sm 6:9 this granted to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?” Lk 1:43 David “leaped” before the Ark as it was John “leaped” in Elizabeth’s womb at the brought in “with shouting.” 2 Sm 6:15-16 sound of Mary’s voice and Elizabeth cried “with a loud shout.” Lk 1:41 - 42 The Ark remained in the hill country, in Mary remained in the hill country, in the house of Obed-Edom, “three Elizabeth’s house, “three months.” months.” 2 Sm 6:11 Lk 1:56 Revelation: Ark / Woman / Heaven Rev 12:1-12 The woman clothed with the sun Context for the woman and the Ark Rev 11:19 – 12:2 1.