INSTITUTE OF KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY POLISH RECTORS FOUNDATION Financing and Deregulation in Higher Education Edited by Jerzy Woźnicki Warsaw 2013 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-06 Reviewer Bogusław Fiedor Text editor Katarzyna Kopij Graphic composition Andrzej Kowalczyk Institute of Knowledge Society Polish Rectors Foundation ul. Górnośląska 14 00-432 Warszaw email: [email protected] phone +48 22 621 09 72 fax +48 22 621 09 73 This book, as the outcome of pro publico bono activity, carried out for the benefit of the institutions of higher education, is distributed free of charge. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed by any means, whether electronic, me- chanical, copying, taping or others, without the written permission of the copyright holder. © Copyright by Institute of Knowledge Society, Warsaw 2013 © Copyright by Polish Rectors Foundation, Warsaw 2013 ISBN 978-83-7814-125-9 Printed and bound by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-06 On behalf of the Institute of Knowledge Society and the Polish Rectors Foundation we express our gratitude to PKN Orlen – the strategic partner, whose contribution and involvement made the publication of this monograph possible Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-06 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-06 Contents Preface – Jerzy Woźnicki .....................................................................................................7 Part I Financing and Deregulation In Higher Education – Case Studies 1.1. The Role of Deregulation in the Higher Eeducation System (HES) in Poland – Jerzy Woźnicki ....13 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................13 2. The proposal of selective deregulation .................................................................15 3. Overregulated versus deregulated HEI ..................................................................17 4. Regulations and HEI autonomy. A review of legislation regarding HE in Poland. ..17 5. The autonomy of Polish HEIs compared to general situation in Europe ................21 6. Conclusions .........................................................................................................24 1.2. Reforms of Higher Education Funding in the Czech Republic – Jan Koucký ..............27 1. Starting the transformation in 1990 .......................................................................27 2. Initial reforms – the 1990 HE Act and Per Capita Funding ....................................28 3. Further developments – the 1998 HE Act .............................................................32 4. From quantity to quality, introducing performance indicators...............................34 5. Gradual introduction of Performance Based Funding (initiated in 2009) ...............37 6. Budgetary cuts and discussion on tuition fees .......................................................39 7. Conclusions – funding and HE transformation ......................................................41 1.3. Development of University Autonomy and Higher Education Funding Structures in the Federal Republic of Germany – Brigitte Göbbels-Dreyling, Henning Rockmann ....42 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................42 2. Educational federalism in Germany ......................................................................43 3. Different areas of autonomy and their development .............................................43 4. Introducing flexible budgets .................................................................................44 5. Allocating performance-based funding .................................................................45 6. Different forms of performance-dependent funding allocation ..............................45 7. The effects of performance-oriented funding allocation ........................................46 8. Target agreements ................................................................................................47 9. Sufficient funding as a core requirement for the autonomy of universities ............48 1.4. Financing and Deregulation in Higher Education System in Ukraine – Yevheniy I. Borodin, Iryna Degtyarova, Leonid Prokopenko ....................................................49 1. Academic traditions of Ukraine: models of university management (from 10TH to early 20TH century...........................................................................................49 2. Development of Higher Education in the Soviet Period (1917–1991) ...................57 3. Higher Education in independent Ukraine ............................................................59 4. Regulations and Governance: Distribution of Responsibilities ..............................61 5. Higher education policy and reforming ................................................................67 6. Appendix..............................................................................................................80 5 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-06 Part II Financing And Deregulation In Higher Education – What Might Be Done? 2.1. Typology, Grouping and Classification in Higher Education – Joanicjusz Nazarko Katarzyna Anna Kuźmicz ...........................................................................................89 1. Abstract ................................................................................................................89 3. Prerequisites for typology and classification in higher education ..........................89 3. Tools shaping transparency in the system of higher education ..............................92 4. Dilemmas in the classification of universities .......................................................94 5. Examples of classifications of universities in the world .........................................96 6. The situation in Poland .......................................................................................100 7. Conclusions .......................................................................................................102 2.2. Evolving Model of Public Funding of Higher Education in England – Roman Z. Morawski ................................................................................................................103 1. Introduction........................................................................................................103 2. HEFCE mode of operation ..................................................................................104 3. Recurrent grant for teaching ...............................................................................107 4. Recent reform of the system of funding ...............................................................111 5. The funding system and its reform as perceived by a university ..........................113 6. Concluding remarks ...........................................................................................115 Part III FInancing and Deregulation in Higher Education – Summary 3.1. Some Comments On Financing Higher Education – Witold Jurek ............................119 1. Methods of financing services using public funds ...............................................119 2. Selected characteristics of the current public funds distribution algorithm ap- plied in case of public higher education institutions, dedicated for education and facility maintenance ....................................................................................121 3. Some comments on the prospects of public fund distribution among higher education institutions .........................................................................................124 4. Conclusions .......................................................................................................126 Appendix 2010–2020 Development Strategy for the Higher Education System The Academic Community’s Proposal – Jerzy Woźnicki ........................................................................131 1. Introduction........................................................................................................131 2. The Diagnosis ....................................................................................................131 3. Strategic House, Vision, Mission and Priorities ...................................................133 4. Major Mission-related Proposals for Higher Education .......................................135 5. Selected proposed new systemic instruments .....................................................136 6. Financing ...........................................................................................................138 7. Flagship and research institutions .......................................................................139 8. Final remarks ......................................................................................................140 About the Authors .........................................................................................................142 Institute of Knowledge Society and Polish Rectors Foundation......................................143