W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R I E S , U N I T E! L E N I N COLLECTED WORKS 2+ A THE RUSSIAN EDITION WAS PRINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH A DECISION OF THE NINTH CONGRESS OF THE R.C.P.(B.) AND THE SECOND CONGRESS OF SOVIETS OF THE U.S.S.R. ИНCTИTУT МАРÇCИзМА — ЛЕНИНИзМА пpи ЦK KНCC B. n. l d H n H С О Ч И Н E Н И Я И з д a н u е ч е m в е p m o e ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ M О С К В А V. I. L E N I N cOLLEcTED WORKS VOLUME 2+ !pril –)une 191U PROGRESS PUBLISHERS MOSCOW TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN EDITED BY B E R N A R D I S A A C S From Marx to Mao M L © Digital Reprints 2011 www.marx2mao.com First printing 1964 Second printing 1974 10102–036 l 164–74 014(01)–74 7 C O N T E N T S Preface ........................ 17 April- June 1917 THE TASKS OF THE PROLETARIAT IN THE PRESENT REVO- LUTION ........................ 19 Theses ...................... 21 HOW WE ARRIVED ................... 27 TWO WORLDS ..................... 30 NOTES FOR AN ARTICLE OR SPEECH IN DEFENCE OF THE APRIL THESES ..................... 32 BLANCISM ....................... 34 THE DUAL POWER ................... 38 LETTERS ON TACTICS .................. 42 Foreword ..................... 42 First Letter. Assessment of the Present Situation .... 43 THE TASKS OF THE PROLETARIAT IN OUR REVOLUTION. Draft Platform for the Proletarian Party .......... 55 The Class Character of the Revolution That Has Taken Place ..................... 57 The Foreign Policy of the New Government ...... 58 The Peculiar Nature of the Dual Power and Its Class Significance ................... 60 The Peculiar Nature of the Tactics Which Follow from the Above ................... 62 8 CONTENTS Revolutionary Defencism and Its Class Significance ... 64 How Can the War Be Ended? ........... 66 A New Type of State Emerging from Our Revolution .. 67 The Agrarian and National Programmes ....... 71 Nationalisation of the Banks and Capitalist Syndicates 73 The Situation Within the Socialist International .... 74 The Collapse of the Zimmerwald International.—The Need for Founding a Third International ...... 80 What Should Be the Name of Our Party—One That Will Be Correct Scientifically and Help to Clarify the Mind of the Proletariat Politically? ............ 84 Postscript ....................FROM MARX 89 POLITICAL PARTIES IN RUSSIA AND THE TASKS OF THE PROLETARIAT ..................... 93 Preface to the SecondTO Edition MAO............. 95 SPEECH DELIVERED AT A MEETING OF SOLDIERS OF THE IZMAILOVSKY REGIMENT. APRIL 10 (23), 1917 ........ 107 A SHAMELESS LIE OF THE CAPITALISTS .......... 110 THE WAR AND THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT ....... 112 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF RUSSKAYA VOLYA .......... 115 A PARTNERSHIP OF LIESNOT................. FOR 118 BANKS AND MINISTERS ................. 122 AN IMPORTANT EXPOSURECOMMERCIAL................ 123 TO THE SOLDIERSDISTRIBUTION AND SAILORS .............. 124 AGAINST THE RIOT-MONGERS. To the Workers, Soldiers, and the Whole Population of Petrograd ............ 127 CITIZENS! SEE WHAT METHODS THE CAPITALISTS OF ALL COUNTRIES ARE USING! ................. 131 A “VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT” BETWEEN LANDOWNERS AND PEASANTS? ...................... 134 AN HONEST VOICE IN A CHORUS OF SLANDERERS ...... 135 THE SOLDIERS AND THE LAND .............. 137 THE PETROGRAD CITY CONFERENCE OF THE R.S.D.L.P. (BOLSHEVIKS), April 14-22 (April 27-May 5), 1917 ....... 139 CONTENTS 9 1. REPORT ON THE PRESENT SITUATION AND THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. APRIL 14 (27) 141 2. CONCLUDING REMARKS IN THE DEBATE CONCERNING THE REPORT ON THE PRESENT SITUATION. APRIL 14 (27) 148 3. TWO REMARKS DURING THE DEBATE ON THE RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. APRIL 15 (28) ....... 152 4. RESOLUTION ON THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROVI- SIONAL GOVERNMENT................ 154 5. TWO REMARKS DURING THE DEBATE ON THE QUESTION OF THE MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. APRIL 22 (MAY 5) .... 156 6. RESOLUTION ON THE MUNICIPAL QUESTION ....... 158 7. DRAFT RESOLUTION ON THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PARTIES OF THE SOCIALIST-REVOLUTIONARIES. THE MENSHEVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS, THE “NON-FACTIONAL” SO- CIAL-DEMOCRATS AND OTHER KINDRED POLITICAL TRENDS 159 8. DRAFT RESOLUTION ON THE WAR ........... 161 I ........................ 161 II ........................ 162 III ........................ 163 CONGRESS OF PEASANTS’ DEPUTIES ............ 167 ON THE RETURN OF THE EMIGRANTS ........... 171 OUR VIEWS. A Reply to the Resolution of the Executive Com- mission of the Soviet of Soldiers’ Deputies ........ 172 HOW THEY TIED THEMSELVES TO THE CAPITALISTS ..... 176 A PROLETARIAN MILITIA ................. 179 BANKRUPTCY? ..................... 183 RESOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE R.S.D.L.P. (BOLSHEVIKS) OF APRIL 20 (MAY 3), 1917 ON THE CRISIS CAUSED BY THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT’S NOTE OF APRIL 18 (MAY 1), 1917 .................. 184 APPEAL TO THE SOLDIERS OF ALL THE BELLIGERENT COUNTRIES ...................... 186 THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT’S NOTE .......... 189 A BASIC QUESTION A Line of Argument Used by Socialists Who Have Gone Over to the Bourgeoisie............ 192 10 CONTENTS ICONS VERSUS CANNONS, PHRASES VERSUS CAPITAL ..... 196 THE LOGIC OF CITIZEN V. CHERNOV ............ 198 MR. PLEKHANOV’S FUTILE ATTEMPTS TO EXTRICATE HIMSELF 199 RESOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE R.S.D.L.P. (BOLSHEVIKS) ADOPTED APRIL 21 (MAY 4), 1917 ....... 201 HONEST DEFENCISM REVEALS ITSELF ........... 204 MAD CAPITALISTS OR WEAK-MINDED SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS? ... 207 THE ADVICE OR ORDER OF SHINGARYOV, AND THE ADVICE OF A LOCAL SOVIET .................. 209 RESOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE R.S.D.L.P. (BOLSHEVIKS) ADOPTED IN THE MORNING OF APRIL 22 (MAY 5), 1917 ..................... 210 LESSONS OF THE CRISIS ................. 213 HOW A SIMPLE QUESTION CAN BE CONFUSED ........ 217 “DISGRACE” AS THE CAPITALISTS AND THE PROLETARIANS UNDERSTAND IT .................... 220 INTERVIEW GIVEN TO E. TORNTAINEN. APRIL 28 (MAY 6), 1917 222 FOOLISH GLOATING ................... 223 THE SEVENTH (APRIL) ALL-RUSSIA CONFERENCE OF THE R.S.D.L.P.(B.). April 24-29 (May 7-12), 1917 ........ 225 1. SPEECH DELIVERED AT THE OPENING OF THE CONFER- ENCE. APRIL 24 (MAY 7) ............... 227 2. REPORT ON THE CURRENT SITUATION. APRIL 24 (MAY 7) 228 3. SPEECH WINDING UP THE DEBATE ON THE REPORT ON THE CURRENT SITUATION. APRIL 24 (MAY 7) ....... 244 4. SPEECH ON THE PROPOSAL TO CALL AN INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST CONFERENCE. APRIL 25 (MAY 8) ....... 247 5. RESOLUTION ON BORGBJERG’S PROPOSAL ........ 251 6. SPEECH ON THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE SOVIETS. APRIL 26 (MAY 8). Brief Press Report ......... 254 7. DRAFT THESES TO THE RESOLUTION ON THE SOVIETS 255 8. SPEECH IN FAVOUR OF THE RESOLUTION ON THE WAR. APRIL 27 (MAY 10) ................. 257 CONTENTS 11 9. RESOLUTION ON THE WAR .............. 270 I ........................ 270 II ........................ 271 III ........................ 272 10. RESOLUTION ON THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROVI- SIONAL GOVERNMENT ................ 274 11. REPORT ON THE QUESTION OF REVISING THE PARTY PROGRAMME. APRIL 28 (MAY 11) ............ 277 12. RESOLUTION ON THE QUESTION OF REVISING THE PARTY PROGRAMME .................... 280 13. REPORT ON THE AGRARIAN QUESTION. APRIL 28 (MAY 11) 282 14. REJOINDER TO N. S. ANGARSKY DURING THE DEBATE ON THE AGRARIAN QUESTION. APRIL 28 (MAY 11) ..... 288 15. RESOLUTION ON THE AGRARIAN QUESTION ....... 290 16. RESOLUTION ON UNITING THE INTERNATIONALISTS AGAINST THE PETTY-BOURGEOIS DEFENCIST BLOC .... 294 17. RESOLUTION ON THE SOVIETS OF WORKERS’ AND SOL- DIERS’ DEPUTIES .................. 295 18. SPEECH ON THE NATIONAL QUESTION. APRIL 29 (MAY 12) 297 19. RESOLUTION ON THE NATIONAL QUESTION ....... 302 20. SPEECH ON THE SITUATION WITHIN THE INTERNA- TIONAL AND THE TASKS OF THE R.S.D.L.P.(B.). APRIL 29 (MAY 12) ..................... 304 21. SPEECH IN FAVOUR OF THE RESOLUTION ON THE CURRENT SITUATION. APRIL 29 (MAY 12) ........ 305 22. RESOLUTION ON THE CURRENT SITUATION ....... 309 23. CONCLUDING SPEECH AT THE CLOSING OF THE CONFER- ENCE. APRIL 29 (MAY 12) .............. 313 INTRODUCTION TO THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE SEVENTH (APRIL) ALL-RUSSIA CONFERENCE OF THE R.S.D.L.P.(B.) .... 314 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FRATERNISATION .......... 318 WHAT THE COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY STEPS OF THE PROVI- SIONAL GOVERNMENT LEAD TO .............. 321 SOCIAL-CHAUVINISTS AND INTERNATIONALISTS ........ 324 12 CONTENTS I. G. TSERETELI AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE ......... 326 ANXIETY ....................... 330 THE “CRISIS OF POWER” ................. 332 FINLAND AND RUSSIA .................. 335 A LETTER TO THE EDITORS ............... 339 DEFENCE OF IMPERIALISM CLOAKED WITH SPECIOUS PHRASES 340 AN UNFORTUNATE DOCUMENT ............... 343 FRIGHTENING THE PEOPLE WITH BOURGEOIS TERRORS .... 346 ON THE EVE ...................... 349 THEY HAVE FORGOTTEN THE MAIN THING. The Municipal Platform of the Proletarian Party ............ 350 MANDATE TO DEPUTIES OF THE SOVIET ELECTED AT FACTO- RIES AND REGIMENTS .................. 354 CLASS COLLABORATION WITH CAPITAL, OR CLASS STRUGGLE AGAINST CAPITAL? ................... 357 A STRONG REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT .......... 360 TITBITS FOR THE NEWBORN GOVERNMENT ......... 362 ALREADY THE NEW GOVERNMENT IS LAGGING BEHIND EVEN THE PEASANT MASS, LEAVE ALONE THE REVO- LUTIONARY WORKERS .................. 365 STEALING A MARCH ON THE WORKERS ........... 367 AN OPEN LETTER TO THE DELEGATES TO THE ALL-RUSSIA CONGRESS OF PEASANTS’ DEPUTIES ............ 370 THE “VIRTUAL ARMISTICE” ................ 375 SECRETS OF FOREIGN POLICY ............... 378 ONE OF THE SECRET TREATIES .............