M U R A D N A D I A 1 9 9 3 - An Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist living in Germany. In 2014, she was kidnapped from her hometown Kocho and held by the Islamic State for 3 months. Murad is the founder of Nadia's Initiative, an organization dedicated to "helping women and children victimized by genocide, mass atrocities, and human trafficking to heal and rebuild their lives and communities". In 2018, the Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to her along with Denis Mukwege for "their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict". Photo from Wikimedia Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Murad Commons, Public Domain A R N O L D F R A N C E S , 1 9 5 6 - An American chemical engineer and Nobel Laureate. She is the Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In 2018, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for pioneering the use of directed evolution to engineer enzymes. This made her the fifth woman to receive the award in its 117 years of existence, and the first American woman. Photo by Bengt Nyman, Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Arnold CC BY 2.0 G B O W E E L E Y M A H , 1 9 7 2 - A Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's nonviolent peace movement, Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace, that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Her efforts to end the war, along with her collaborator Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, helped usher in a period of peace and enabled a free election in 2005 that Sirleaf won. She, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tawakkul Karman, were awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize "for their non- violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work." Photo by Fronteiras do Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee Pensamento, CC BY-SA 2.0 C U R I E M A R I E , 1 8 6 7 - 1 9 3 4 A Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win the Nobel prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields. Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Photo from Wikimedia Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie Commons, Public Domain K A R M A N T A W A K K O L , 1 9 7 9 - A Yemeni journalist, politician, and human rights activist. She leads the group "Women Journalists Without Chains," which she co-founded in 2005. She became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that is part of the Arab Spring uprisings. In 2011, she was reportedly called the "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution" by some Yemenis. She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize. Photo by Frank Plitt, Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman CC BY 3.0 de Y O U S A F Z A I M A L A L A , 1 9 9 7 - A Pakistani activist for female education. In 2014, aged 17 at the time, she was the youngest-ever Nobel Laureate. She is known for human rights advocacy, especially the education of women and children in Pakistan, where the local Taliban had at times banned girls from attending school. Based in Birmingham, she founded the Malala Fund, a non-profit organisation, and in 2013 she co- authored "I Am Malala," an international best seller. The Time magazine featured her as one of the most influential people globally in 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues. Photo by DFID - UK Department Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai for International Development, CC BY 2.0 M E N C H Ú R I G O B E R T A , 1 9 5 9 - A K'iche' political and human rights activist from Guatemala. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's indigenous feminists and to promoting indigenous rights in the country. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998, in addition to other prestigious awards. Photo by Carlos Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigoberta_Menchú Rodriguez/ANDES, CC BY 2.0 T U Y O U Y O U , 1 9 3 0 - Tu Youyou is a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and educator. She discovered artemisinin (also known as qinghaosu) and dihydroartemisinin, used to treat malaria, a breakthrough in 20th- century tropical medicine, saving millions of lives in South China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. For her work, Tu received the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize in any category. Photo from Wikimedia Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_Youyou Commons, Public Domain O S T R O M E L I N O R , 1 9 3 3 - 2 0 1 2 An American political economist, she was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize 2009 in Economic Sciences for her "analysis of economic governance, especially the commons". The award was shared with Oliver E. Williamson. She remains the only woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. Her work was associated with the New Institutional Economics and the resurgence of political economy. Photo by Holger Motzkau, Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom CC BY-SA 3.0 E B A D I S H I R I N , 1 9 4 7 - An Iranian political activist, lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2003 for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize. She is founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. Photo by Bengt Oberger, Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi CC BY-SA 4.0 L E S S I N G , D O R I S 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 1 3 A British-Zimbabwean (Rhodesian) novelist born to British parents in Iran, she was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature and Swedish Academy described her as "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny". She was the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Photo by Elke Wetzig, Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing CC BY-SA 3.0 A L E X I E V I C H , S V E T L A N A A . 1 9 4 8 - A Belarusian investigative journalist, essayist and oral historian who writes in Russian. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time". She is the first writer from Belarus to receive the award. Her books were not published by Belarusian state-owned publishing houses after 1993, while private publishers in Belarus have only published two of her books: Chernobyl Prayer in 1999 and Second-hand Time in 2013, both translated into Belarusian. As a result, Alexievich has been better known in the rest of world than in Belarus. Photo by Elke Wetzig, Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich CC BY-SA 3.0 LR IET AV LIE-VMI MOONN TTAAL CLI NCI I, N I R1 I9T 0A , 9 1 9- 0290- 21021 2 An Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in An Italianne uNroobieoll olaguyr. eSahtee ,w haosn aowreardd feodr her wortkh ien 1 n98e6u rNoobbioel oPgryiz. eS ihne was awardedP htyhseio 1l9o8g6y Noro Mbeeld Picriinzee jionintly Physiolowgityh o cro Mlleeadgicuien eSt jaoninletyly C wohitehn colleagufoer Sthtaen dleisyc oCvoehrey no f fnoerr tvhee discovegryr oowf tnhe fravcet ogrr o(NwGtFh) .fFarcotmor 2(0N0G1F). From 20u0n1t iul nhteirl hdear tdhe, ashthe, aslhsoe saelsrvoed served iinn tthhe Italliiaann SSeennaattee a ass a a SenatorS feonra Ltiofre .f oTrh Lisif eh.o Tnhoisr hwoanso gr iwveans due to hgeivre snig dnuiefi ctoa nhte sr csiiegnntiifficicant contribusctioentsi.f iOc nc o2n2t rAibpuritli o2n0s0.9, she becameO tnh e22 f iArsptr iNl 2o0b0e9l ,l ashuere baetcea emveer to the first Nobel laureate ever to reach threa acghe t hoef 1a0g0e, oafn 1d0 0th, aen edv tehnet was feteedve wnitt hw aas pfeatretyd awti tRho am pea'srt Cy ity Hall. At atth Re otmimee's oCfi thye Hr adlel. aAtth t, hseh eti mweas the oldeosft h leivri ndega Ntho,b sehle l awuarse tahte .oldest living Nobel laureate. Photo by Presidenza Source: en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini Attribution: Presidenza della Repubblica Source: Wikipedia della Repubblica, Attribution W I L L I A M S J O D Y , 1 9 5 0 - An American political activist known for her work in banning anti-personnel landmines, her defense of human rights (especially those of women), and her efforts to promote new understandings of security in today's world.