EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 8.1.2014 SWD(2013) 541 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Progress Report on energy efficiency in the European Union Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Progress Report on the application of Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and on the application of Directive 2004/8/EC on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market {COM(2013) 938 final} EN EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Overall analysis of the energy consumption in the EU ............................................... 10 1.2 Developments in the national Energy Efficiency Action Plans .................................. 16 1.3 Developments on energy efficiency according to the national Energy Efficiency Action Plans ......................................................................................................................... 16 2 Developments in improving energy efficiency in energy supply .................................... 20 2.1 Measures in the EEAPs addressing energy efficiency of supply ................................ 20 2.1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 20 2.1.2 Measures to promote or extend the use of district heating................................... 20 2.1.3 Measures or strategies to improve the efficiency of electricity generation.......... 21 2.1.4 Measures addressing electricity transmission and distribution losses.................. 22 2.1.5 Voluntary agreements for supply-side savings..................................................... 23 2.1.6 Measures facilitating demand-side management.................................................. 23 2.1.7 Measures addressing energy efficiency in the supply of oil and gas.................... 23 2.1.8 Measures to promote greater competition among energy suppliers ..................... 24 2.1.9 Measures to advance the development of smart metering infrastructure ............. 24 2.1.10 Measures in the EEAPs to promote cogeneration .............................................. 25 2.2 Report on the implementation of the CHP Directive .................................................. 27 2.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 27 2.2.2 State of transposition of the CHP Directive ......................................................... 28 2.2.3 Progress towards realising national potentials...................................................... 28 2.2.4 Quantity and share of CHP in 2010...................................................................... 34 2.2.5 Barriers to high-efficiency cogeneration .............................................................. 37 2.2.6 Systems of Guarantees of Origin.......................................................................... 37 2.2.7 Access to electricity grid and grid system rules ................................................... 38 2.2.8 Support schemes for cogeneration........................................................................ 38 2 2.3 Evaluating savings achieved by supply-side measures ............................................... 40 2.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 41 3 Improving energy efficiency in end-use consumption..................................................... 44 3.1 Overall coverage of sectors ......................................................................................... 44 3.2 Buildings...................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.1 Existing buildings................................................................................................. 49 3.2.2 New buildings....................................................................................................... 50 3.2.3 Public buildings .................................................................................................... 50 3.2.4 Role of the EPBD ................................................................................................. 52 3.2.5 Skills in the building sector .................................................................................. 52 3.3 Industry........................................................................................................................56 3.4 Transport...................................................................................................................... 60 3.5 Agriculture................................................................................................................... 65 3.6 Horizontal measures .................................................................................................... 66 3.7 The exemplary role of the public sector ...................................................................... 74 3.8 Provision of information and advice to end-users ....................................................... 76 3.9 Final energy savings achieved up to 2010 and forecast for 2016 and 2020................ 79 3.10 Primary energy savings targets for 2020 given in the EEAPs................................... 81 3.11 Estimated 2020 savings impact arising from the ESD .............................................. 82 4 Overview of financing instruments.................................................................................. 85 4.1 Innovative and traditional schemes ............................................................................. 85 4.2 Financing tools in the building sector.......................................................................... 86 4.3 The use of EU Funds to finance energy efficiency programmes ................................ 87 4.4 Public-private funding mechanism.............................................................................. 88 4.5 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 90 5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 92 Annex 1 EEAP Country Summaries ..................................................................................... 97 3 Austria .......................................................................................................................... 97 Belgium ...................................................................................................................... 101 Bulgaria ...................................................................................................................... 104 Cyprus ........................................................................................................................ 108 Czech Republic .......................................................................................................... 111 Denmark..................................................................................................................... 116 Estonia........................................................................................................................ 119 Finland........................................................................................................................ 123 France......................................................................................................................... 126 Germany ..................................................................................................................... 130 Greece......................................................................................................................... 133 Hungary...................................................................................................................... 137 Ireland......................................................................................................................... 140 Italy............................................................................................................................. 144 Latvia.......................................................................................................................... 148 Lithuania..................................................................................................................... 152 Luxembourg ............................................................................................................... 155 Malta........................................................................................................................... 159 Poland......................................................................................................................... 162 Portugal ...................................................................................................................... 166 Romania ..................................................................................................................... 170 Slovakia...................................................................................................................... 174 Slovenia.....................................................................................................................