The Future of Pacific Cities: Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Urbanization in the Pacific 4 July 2018 USP Statham Campus, Suva, Fiji Omar Siddique Economic Affairs Officer, Sustainable Urban Development Section, ESCAP The Future of Asia and Pacific Cities 2019: Urban Opportunities to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135° ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION Anchorage 60° FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RUSSIAN UNITED STATES United Nations ESCAP FEDERATION Bering Sea OF AMERICA Sea of Okhotsk Moscow ds Astana Sakhalin Islan Aleutian KAZAKHSTAN Ulaanbaatar . Is l ri GE MONGOLIA u OR Caspian K 45° G 45° I Vladivostok Black Sea A Sea Almaty • U Regional development arm of the UN AZERBAIJAN ZB Hokkaido EK Istanbul T'bilisi IS Tashkent Sapporo Baku TA Bishkek KYRGYZSTAN URKM N DEM. PEOPLE'S Ankara Yerevan T EN TAJIKISTAN P'yongyang A Ashgabat IST Beijing REP. OF KOREA Honshu R A TURKEY N Dushanbe M Seoul E - AN Jammu Incheon Tokyo JAPAN NI Tehran ST CHINA A NI and A - u REP. OF Chiba NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN Mediterranean H Kabul Kashmir d Osaka ISLAMIC REPUBLIC n Sea G a KOREA • F d u Shikoku 53 member States, 9 associate members, OF - m h A N a NEPAL p Wuhan b th Shanghai Kyushu P A - m 30 IRAN a a i 30 ° e T h ° r S - m K BHUTAN East . s I la T Is ia K s n A I New Delhi China u G P y H ul Karachi k aw f G u aii u LAO Sea y an from Turkey to Tonga R lf o Guangzhou R Is f Dhaka e Oman BANGLADESH P.D.R. la d Taiwan nd s S M Hong Kong, China e MYANMAR a Northern a Hanoi c INDIA ao, China Mariana Mumbai Naypyitaw Vientiane Philippine Hyderabad Luzon Islands THAILAND South China Sea Saipan 15° Manila 15° Bangkok Bay of IA VIET NAM PHILIPPINES Hagåtña • ESCAP HQ D Headquartered in Bangkok, 4 subregional O Sea Guam B Arabian Sea Bengal AM MARSHALL C nh Pe ISLANDS Colombo m Mindanao Koror Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte Phno BRUNEI Palikir SRI LANKA PALAU Majuro Northern Line MALDIVES DARUSSALAM Bandar Seri Begawan offices – Pacific Office in Suva Male Kuala Lumpur Celebes FEDERATED STATES Islands MALAYSIA S Sea OF MICRONESIA u Tarawa m Gilbert Is. KIRIBATI Equator 0° Members: a SINGAPORE 0° te Sulawesi NAURU Yaren Afghanistan Nauru r Phoenix Is. a PAPUA Southern Line Armenia INDONESIA Nepal Islands Jakarta NEW GUINEA SOLOMON Australia Netherlands ISLANDS TUVALU Surabaya French Marquesas • Azerbaijan New Zealand Bogor Dili Port Moresby Funafuti Tokelau Is. ESCAP fosters sustainable development in Java TIMOR- Honiara Polynesia Is. Bangladesh Arafura Sea Pakistan LESTE American Bhutan SAMOA Tu Palau Apia Samoa amo Brunei Darussalam Coral Sea Pago Pago tu A Papua New Guinea rc 15° hi 15° Cambodia Philippines pe line with the 2030 Agenda: Port-Vila FIJI Papeete la China g Republic of Korea VANUATU Niue o Suva Alofi So Democratic People's Republic of Korea Russian Federation cie New Avarua ty Federated States of Micronesia Samoa Is. Caledonia Nuku'alofa T Nouméa C ub Fiji Singapore TONGA o ua － AUSTRALIA ok i Is. France Policy dialogue, regional cooperation, Solomon Islands Is Pitcairn la Georgia Sri Lanka nds India 30° Tajikistan 30° intergovernmental platforms Indonesia Thailand Perth Islamic Republic of Iran Timor-Leste Sydney SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN Japan Tonga Canberra Kazakhstan Turkey Melbourne Tasman Sea Auckland Kiribati Turkmenistan North Island － Kyrgyzstan Results oriented projects, technical Tuvalu NEW ZEALAND Lao People's Democratic Republic United Kingdom Tasmania Wellington Malaysia United States of America ESCAP Headquarters, Regional or sub-regional offices 45° Maldives Uzbekistan 45° assistance, capacity building South Island Marshall Islands Vanuatu Mongolia Viet Nam Myanmar The boundaries and names shown and the designations used Associate members: on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance －Research & analysis, peer learning, by the United Nations. American Samoa Guam 0 1000 2000 3000 km Commonwealth of the Hong Kong, China Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. Northern Mariana Islands Macao, China The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been knowledge sharing Cook Islands New Caledonia agreed upon by the parties. 0 1000 2000 mi 60° French Polynesia Niue 60° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135° Map No. 3974 Rev. 18 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support • Interdisciplinary expertise from urban to August 2014 Cartographic Section environmental issues, to energy, science and technology, trade and transport Cities and global sustainability agendas The 2030 Agenda and cities Cities well positioned for the implementation of Global Development Agendas Snapshot of SDG progress in the Pacific, 2017 What are the effective means of implementation of the global agendas at the local level to achieve sustainable urbanization? The FutureThe State of Asia and Pacific Cities 2019: Urban Opportunities to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development To create a ‘possibility space’ to re‐imagine the future of built/natural environments in Asia‐Pacific cities, with the aim to further support the localization and implementation of global sustainability agendas, and guide the development of prosperous, resilient, and inclusive cities for all A moment of opportunity for Pacific cities • decisions made now have long‐term impacts, and will determine the sustainable development trajectories of Pacific cities • in particular, most urban infrastructure investments, especially environmental ones, are capital intensive and long‐term －e.g. water and sewer mains need to be replaced once in 30 years • poor investment choices can create a lock‐in effect and increase the challenge to establish sustainable development trajectories • will be a major Report on cities in the Asia‐Pacific region • will be a policy advocacy Report for national and local governments and stakeholders in the region • will provide a conceptual framework to localize the global agendas in Asia‐Pacific cities • will critically assess and provide knowledge and best practices of the means of implementation across a range of urban sustainability areas • will feed into the 5th Pacific Urban Forum during Q1 2019 • will be launched at, and inform the thematic areas and structure of, the 7th Asia‐Pacific Urban Forum during Q3 2019 State of urbanization in the Pacific • falling urban security driven by poverty, unemployment, ethnic conflict, and the transition from traditional to market economies • urban poverty levels are increasing, having been exacerbated by the global economic crisis of 2008‐2010 and cost‐of‐living increases Basic Needs Poverty Incidence Country National Urban Rural Cook Islands 28.4% 30.5% 23.6% Samoa 20.3% 23.3% 17.9% Solomon Islands 22.7% 32.2% 18.8% Tonga 22.3% 23.6% 22.8% Unemployment • Pacific SIDS generally have large informal economies －Papua New Guinea – 84%, Samoa – 68%, Fiji – 60% • unemployment rates vary: －from over 30% (Marshall Islands, Kiribati, and Tuvalu), below 7% (Palau, Tonga, and Vanuatu), or to 1.4% (Papua New Guinea) • youth unemployment rates are much higher than for the overall population －over 50% in Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, and Tuvalu • over half the population is under 24 years old in most Pacific SIDS High negative migration rates • annual averages per 1,000 population (2010‐15): －Fiji: –6.6, Micronesia: –15.7, Tonga: –15.4, Vanuatu: +0.5 • migration provides remittances, but also causes “brain drain” Unemployment rates (%) and net international migration rates (%) for Pacific SIDS Investment Needs as percentage of GDP Climate‐adjusted estimates, 2016‐2030 10% 9% 8% 8.8% 9.1 7% 7.8% 6% 5% 5.9% 5.7% 5.2% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Asia and the Pacific Central Asia East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia The Pacific • however, on a per capita basis ODA is already higher in the Pacific than in any other region • 10 Pacific SIDS are among the 25 countries where ODA is highest as a proportion of national income Internet users in 2016 (% of population) Pacific SIDS % • renewable sources accounted for less Cook Islands 54.0% than 10% of total energy use in Pacific Fiji 46.5% SIDS in 2015 French Polynesia 68.4% • there is a lack of data to inform policy – as Guam 77.0% of 2015, only Fiji had data on expenditure Kiribati 13.7% on research and development (R&D), Marshall Islands 29.8% which it calculated at only 0.15% of GDP Micronesia (Federated States of) 33.4% in 2012 Papua New Guinea 9.6% Samoa 29.4% Solomon Islands 11.0% Tonga 40.0% Tuvalu 46.0% Vanuatu 24.0% – Introduction 1. The Future of Urban Governance and Capacities for Resilience 2. The Future of Urban Finance 3. The Future of Smart Urban Data and Technologies 4. The Future of Urban/Territorial Planning – Conclusion Selection of themes was influenced by: • the ESCAP – UN‐Habitat Regional Partners Forum held in November 2017 • the Regional Report for Habitat III Key questions for all themes: a) What are current good practices, emerging examples, and new opportunities for cities in the Pacific region which address current and future challenges in Pacific cities? b) How can innovative solutions be scaled up for cities to drive the achievement of the SDGs by 2030 ‐ recognizing different challenges within cities, across countries, and across subregions in the Pacific? 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° 165° 150° 135° ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION Anchorage 60° FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RUSSIAN UNITED STATES FEDERATION Bering Sea OF AMERICA Sea of Okhotsk Moscow ds Astana Sakhalin Islan Aleutian KAZAKHSTAN Ulaanbaatar . Is l ri GE MONGOLIA u OR Caspian K 45° G 45° I Vladivostok Black Sea A Sea Almaty UZ AZERBAIJAN BEK Hokkaido Istanbul T'bilisi IS Tashkent Sapporo Baku TA Bishkek* KYRGYZSTAN URKM N DEM.