Acta Periodica Duellatorum, Research notes 151 Research notes DOI 10.1515/apd-2017-0004 The collection of Lew the Jew in the lineage of German Fight Books corpus Daniel Jaquet, University of Geneva I. INTRODUCTION The collection of teachings compiled by Lew the Jew is one of the main keys to understand the lineage of the different teachings, according to the different known sources at hand for the German corpus. Several similar collections (containing textual teachings without illustrations) are known1: Peter von Danzig in 1452 (Roma, Biblioteca dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e Corsiniana, 44 A 8): A contemporary collection which compiled some of the same texts -, but with different authorial attribution -, and glossed the same verses.2 (hereafter referred to as Rome version) Hans von Speyer in 1491 (Salzburg, Universitätsbibliothek, M.I.29): A later collection that is mainly copied from the collection of Lew the Jew, but with other additional teachings.3 (hereafter referred to as Salzburg version) * Acknowledgment: This research note is part of the work for a forthcoming study by Dierk Hagedorn (collection Bibliothek der Historischen Kampfkünste, by VS-Books). I thank him for his revisions and help. I also thank Rainer Welle for his revisions on the table of content and relevant advices. 1 To this list might be added the miscellanies containing similar collections amongst other type of material, like the anonymous Hausbuch from 1389 (Nurnberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 3227a), or the one authored by Paulus Kal (Wien, Kunsthistorisches Museum, KK5126, hereafter referred to as Vienna version). The collections or miscellanies containing illustrated parts might also be added to get the full picture, like the 1443-1448 miscellany by Hans Talhoffer (Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, Chart. A 558, hereafter referred to as Gotha version), the anonymously authored book from Glasgow, 1508 (Glasgow, Glasgow Museums, E.1939.65.341, hereafter referred to as Glasgow version), the "Goliath", 1510-20 (Kraków, Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Germ. Quart. 2020, hereafter referred to as Krakow version) or the Fight Book ascribed to Albrecht Dürer, 1512(?) (Wien, Albertina, 26-232). This list can be expanded in the later course of the 16th c. 2 Wierschin, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens, ms 31; Hils, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes, ms 42; Leng, Fecht- und Ringbücher, ms 9.9; edition and translation by Hagedorn, Peter von Danzig: Transkription und Übersetzung. 3 Wierschin, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens, ms 32; Hils, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes, ms 43; no edition or translation to date. 152 The collection of Lew the Jew in the lineage of German Fight Books corpus Sigmund Ringeck 1504-1519 (Dresden, Sächsische Landesbibliothek, C.487): A copy of a lost contemporary collection to Lew the Jew collection, which compiled some of the same text - but with different authorial attribution -, and glossed the same verses.4 (hereafter referred to as Dresden version) A careful study of the collection of Lew is therefore a milestone for research purpose on the German Fight Book corpus, since on the one hand it is one of the earliest source, on the other hand it (or its unknown copies) may have served as a model for later collections. A philological study of different texts is indeed leading the researcher and the practitioner to a better understanding of the circulation of the martial knowledge, as well as the Fight Books as objects, may they be collections for mnemonic purpose, theoretical media for technical discourse amongst specialists, notes for personal use, didactic texts or consumer items as proposed by Forgeng.5 During a research phase in the preparation of a study of the Augsburg version by Dierk Hagedorn (forthcoming in the collection “Bibliothek der Historischen Kampfkünste” by VS-Book, including an edition and translation), I contributed to the research on the manuscript and its content. I did a codicological description and research on its lineage within the Fight Book corpus. In this research note, I share some of the preliminary results regarding its composition and reception. It includes a short update on the studies already carried out, with additional data regarding interesting research directions, while awaiting the publication of the study. II. THE MANUSCRIPT Augsburg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. I. 6. 4°. 3 – paper, II+124+II – 140x175mm – ca. 1460 – Bavaria The manuscript has received little scholarly attention and the available descriptions do not meet the actual standards for codicological description. 6 We therefore propose a description with a brief discussion of the matters relevant for this edition. 4 Wierschin, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens, ms 4; Hils, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes, ms 16; partial edition in Wierschin, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens, pp. 87-166, and English translation in Lindholm, Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly art of the longsword (2nd ed.). 5 Forgeng, “Owning the Art”. 6 The manuscript is briefly described in Wierschin, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens, ms 16 and Hils, Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes, ms 5. It is not included in Leng, Fecht- und Ringbücher, since it is not illustrated. The compiler has received two notices: Hils “Lew (Der Jude Lew)” and Welle, “Meister Lew”. Lastly, a 19th c. description: von Colberg: Oettingen-Wallersteinsche Sammlungen in Maihingen. The manuscript is briefly addressed in: Welle: „...und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen“, pp. 43, 66-7, 73 (n°4); Anglo, The Martial Arts in Renaissance Europe, p. 23, 129, 256; Bergner and Acta Periodica Duellatorum, Research notes 153 II.1. Dating and origin According to Wierschin and Hils, and based on the 19th c. description of the manuscript from the Oettingen-Wallerstein collection then in Maihingen, the manuscript was dated of ca. 1450. Our analysis of the watermarks tend to postpone it of a decade to ca. 1460.7 Both paper come from the Bavarian region. This confirms the hypothesis of a Bavarian origin based on the Bavarian dialect used by the compiler. II.2. Provenience The first possessor of the manuscript is unknown and it bears a possible possession mark of an unidentified character at the last page (124v: Jeremias prophetta [?] Hanns deichsler). According to the stamp on the inside pastedown (P. Öttingen Wallerstein’sche Bibliothek) and to the previously cited entry of the manuscript in 1860, it was then in the Oetting- Wallerstein collection and entered in the University Library of Augsburg in 1980. Based on its cover (wood covered by red leather with gilded decoration and two clasps), the manuscript was re-bound of the 17th c. and its leaves were ploughed to size and gilded on the edges. The added guard-leaves are also identifiable from the period even if they do not bear watermarks. This observation leads us to believe that it shared the provenience of the rest of the collection kept today in Augsburg, that can be tracked down to the Marcus Fugger's collection after 1579, prior to its acquisition in 1653 by the Prince Ernst Oettingen-Wallerstein.8 We dare even hypothesise that it was in the belongings of Paulus Hector Mair (like most of the rest of the collection of Fecht- and Turnierbücher of the collection kept today in Augsburg), even if it does not bear the ex-libris of the Fight Book author and collector.9 The study of the filiation of the texts and the works of Paulus Hector Mair tend to confirm this hypothesis. II.3. Content The manuscript contains a collection of various authors compiled by Lew the Jew (explicit 123r: Hie hat ein ende des juden kunst den man nant den lewen, als sich zuroβ wol gepürt). On the Giessauf, Würgegriff und Mordschlage, p. 27; Haage and Wegner, Deutsche Fachliteratur der Artes, p. 260; and in Jaquet and Walczak: “Lignitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew?”. 7 Watermark 1 (1-84): tower with battlements (similar to DE2220-Codst_219_447, WZIS: after 1451, South Bavaria). Watermark 2 (85-124): cross formy, pommetty at the ends, with pedestal (similar to DE1935-Mscr_Dresd_M_67_71, WZIS: ca. 1460, North Bavaria). 8 See Lehmann, Eine Geschicht der alten Fuggerbibliotheken. For a history of the Oettingen-Wallerstein collection, see Hägele, “Von Pamplona nach Augsburg. Die spanische Bilderbibel in der Sammlung Oettingen-Wallerstein”, pp. 13-21. See also the page "Geschichte der Oettingen-Wallersteinschen Bibliothek" of the University Library of Augsburg. 9 For a similar case – but bearing the ex-libris –, see the study of the provenience of another 15th c. Fight Book in Welle, ...vnd mit der rechten faust ein mordstuck, pp. 20-24. On Paulus Hector Mair, see Mauer, “Sammeln und Lesen - Drucken und Schreiben”. No exhaustive study on the Mair Fight Book corpus to date. 154 The collection of Lew the Jew in the lineage of German Fight Books corpus table below are listed the different sections. Most of them are not entitled, but described in rubrics preceding the sections. We have standardised the title with original text transcribed, and translated within brackets. The authorial attribution are listed as ascribed in the manuscript and alternative authorial attribution are indicated within square brackets. The incipit (after the rubric) and explicit are indicated. II.4. Collation and foliation Figure 1 present the collation of the manuscript composed of 124 leaves in 14 quires (2V20+7IV76+1IV(+I)85+1V(-I)94+3V124), guarded by two 17th c. double guard leaves (II+124+II). The collation is supported by quire signature and the location of the watermarks (all located in the fold, except for quire XI and XII). The two codicological units (paper 1: 1-84; paper 2: 85-124) were merged probably during the time of writing, at the latest prior to the original binding. Two quires (X and XI) are uneven.