Research to Support Integrated Management Systems of Aquatic and Terrestrial Invasive Species Annual Report 2007 A Collaborative Effort between Mississippi State University’s GeoResources Institute and the U.S. Geological Survey and National Biological Information Infrastructure GRI Publication #5029 December 31, 2007 Preface The research and outreach programs described in the following report are the result of an ongoing partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline, the National Biological Information Infrastructure, and Mississippi State University. Funding for these programs was provided by an award from USGS BRD to MSU under cooperative agreement 04HQAG0135. The MSU program was managed by the GeoResources Institute. The USGS BRD Invasive Species Program manager was Sharon Gross, the National Biological Information Infrastructure Invasive Species Information Node manager was Annie Simpson, and Randy Westbrooks of USGS BRD worked with MSU on virtually every task. This report should be cited as: Madsen, J.D., R. Brown, J. Byrd, Jr., E. Dibble, G. Ervin, D. Shaw, T. Tietjen, C. Abbott, V. Maddox, J. Cheshier, W. Robles, R. Wersal, D. McBride, and N. Madsen. 2008. Research to Support Integrated Management Systems of Aquatic and Terrestrial Invasive Species. GeoResources Institute GRI# 5029, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. For comments or questions, contact Dr. John D. Madsen at [email protected]. The GeoResources Institute is a member center of the High Performance Computing Collaboratory at Mississippi State University. Mississippi State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation or group affiliation, age, handicap/disability, or veteran status. Table of Contents Page 2 Preface Page 3 Table of Contents Page 4 Introduction Page 5 Project Investigators, Participants and Collaborators Page 7 Task 1. Aquatic Plants Page 8 Task 1.1. Aquatic Plant Habitat Task 1.1.1. Aquatic Plant Habitat Invasibility Models Page 9 Task 1.1.2. Virtual plant models: Development of a three-dimensional growth model for common reed Page 10 Task 1.1.3. Growth of Common Salvinia and Waterhyacinth as Regulated by Loading Rates of Water Column Nitrogen and Phosphorus Page 12 Task 1.2. Aquatic Plant Populations Task 1.2.1. Assessment of Aquatic Plant Populations Page 13 Task 1.2.2. Assessment of Aquatic Plant Populations: Determining Plant Abundance Page 14 Task 1.3. Environmental Impact of Invasive Aquatic Plants on Aquatic Habitat Page 16 Task 1.4. Invasive Aquatic Plant Survey for the Mid-South Page 17 Task 2. Terrestrial Plants Page 18 Task 2.1. Terrestrial Plant Habitat Invasibility Models Page 19 Task 2.1.1. Random Versus Targeted Surveys for Invasive Plant Habitat Modeling Page 20 Task 2.1.2. Effect of Invasive Grass on Microbial Community Structure in US Gulf Coastal Plain Communities Page 21 Task 2.1.3. Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass) Distribution in Desoto National Forest, Mississippi, USA: Local Habitat Disturbance is More Important than Landscape Context Page 22 Task 2.1.4. Relative Information Provided by Soil (STATSGO) Versus Canopy Cover Data In Modeling Invasive Species Habitat Page 24 Task 2.2. Assessment of Terrestrial Plant Populations Page 26 Task 2.3. Integrated Tactics for Cogongrass Management Page 27 Task 2.4. Invasive Terrestrial Plant Survey for the Mid-South Page 29 Task 3. Invasive Insects: Cactus Moth (cactoblastis cactorum) Page 30 Task 3.1. Early Detection of Cactus Moth Page 31 Task 3.2. Distribution of Opuntia in the Region Page 32 Task 3.3. Opuntia Habitat Models Page 33 Task 3.3.1. Prickly Pear Cactus Modeling Efforts Page 35 Task 4. Extension and Outreach Page 36 Task 4.1. Aquatic Plant Extension Information Page 37 Task 4.2. Terrestrial Grass Extension Information Page 38 Task 4.3. Cactus and Cactus Moth Extension Information Page 39 Task 4.4. Cactus Moth Detection and Monitoring Network Website Page 40 Task 4.5. Web-based Database of Invasive Plant Species Locations (IPAMS) Page 41 Task 5. Regional Coordination Page 42 Task 5.1. State Coordinating Efforts Page 43 Task 5.2. Regional Coordinating Efforts Page 44 Publications and Accomplishments 3 Introduction Invasive species are an enormous problem for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the United States, degrading their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide to our society. As a result, over the past decade federal and state agencies and nongovernmental organiza- tions have begun to work more closely together to address it. While awareness of the problem is becoming more widespread, efforts to address the threat are often piecemeal and fragmented, and new tools to deal with the problems are needed. In particular, the states in the Mid-South Region (AL, AR, LA, MS, and TN) need assistance in developing additional capacity, expertise, and resources for addressing the invasive species problem. This report presents progress on a program of Figure 1. Dense canopy of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spica- planned research, extension, and regional coor- tum) forming in 15 feet water depth, 13 feet above the bottom. While dination for implementation by the GeoRe- this photo was taken underwater in Pend Oreille Lake, Idaho, this spe- sources Institute (GRI) of Mississippi State cies is also a problem in the Mid-South. University (MSU) in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We propose three areas of directed, peer-reviewed research to enhance the management of invasive species: aquatic invasive plants, terrestrial invasive plants, and the renegade biocontrol agent, cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum). For each area, a program of extension and outreach has been developed to deliver the informa- tion from our research to those who can best make use of the results, both through traditional printed information and web-based information solutions. Our cur- rent webpage effort, the Cactus Moth Detec- tion and Monitoring Network (www.gri.msstate.edu/cactus_moth), has been operating for two years and garnered significant attention as the one source for pricklypear cactus and cactus moth location information nationwide. We have been working through the past year to develop a new webpage, currently funded through USDA CSREES; the Invasive Plant Atlas of the Mid-South (IPAMS) will be launched during January 2008 at www.gri.msstate.edu/ ipams. While USDA CSREES is funding the initial program, we have listed USGS BRD and NBII as partners in the effort. Specific results and deliverables are pro- posed for each of the main tasks described below. Specialists in USGS and other entities Figure 2. Devil’s tongue prickplypear (Opuntia humifusa) is one of many that are providing information, perspective, pricklypear cactus species that is a potential host to the invasive cactus and/or oversight for the project are identified moth (Cactoblastis cactorum). Pricklypear are stress-tolerant species as collaborators. The research addresses in- that inhabit many habitats throughout the southeastern United States, vasive species issues that are often complex including rocky outcrops, sandy river banks, and barrier islands. This and require long-term cooperation. specimen was photographed on a granitic dome near Athens, GA. 4 MSU Investigators and Participants Mr. Clifton Abbott, GeoResources Institute Dr. Richard Brown, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and Mississippi Entomological Museum Dr. John Byrd, Jr., Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Dr. Eric Dibble, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Dr. Gary Ervin, Department of Biological Sciences Dr. Victor Maddox, GeoResources Institute Dr. John Madsen, Principal Investigator, GeoResources Institute and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Dr. David Shaw, GeoResources Institute and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Dr. Todd Tietjen, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Student Involvement: Joshua Cheshier, MS, MSU Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Christopher Doffitt, Ph.D. student, MSU Department of Biological Sciences D. Christopher Holly, MS, MSU Department of Biological Sciences Steven Hughes, M.S. student, MSU Department of Biological Sciences Katya Kovalenko, PhD, MSU Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Jefferey Linville, MS, MSU Department of Biological Sciences Lucas Majure, M.S. degree received August 2007, MSU Department of Biological Sciences Edda Martinez, PhD, MSU Department of Entomology Alex Perret, MS, MSU Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Wilfredo Robles, PhD, MSU Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Erica Schlickeisen, PhD, MSU Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Nathan Sonderman, Ph.D. student, MSU Department of Biological Sciences Heather Theel, MS, MSU Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Ryan Wersal, PhD, MSU Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Collaborators Pamela Fuller, U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean Science Center Kurt Getsinger, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center James Grace, U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center Les Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut (Invasive Plant Atlas of New England). Annie Simpson, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Informatics Program, and National Biological Information Infra- structure David F. Spencer, U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service Thomas Stohlgren, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center Randy Westbrooks, U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center 5 6 Figure 1. MSU graduate student Ryan Wersal enters