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ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW. LONDON WC1R 4EJ, ENGLAND 7908136 DICKSON, WILLIAM RUSHHORTH INVOLVEMENT BY DECREE: CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN EDUCATION BY LEGISLATIVE MANDATE. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, PH.D., 1978 University Micrdfilms International 300 n. ztEB ro ad , ann arb o r, mi 4b io g © Copyright by William Rushworth Dickson 1978 INVOLVEMENT BY DECREE: CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN EDUCATION BY LEGISLATIVE MANDATE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By . William Rushworth Dickson, B.A., B.Ed., M.Ed. ***** The Ohio State University 1978 Reading Committee: Approved by: Luvern L. Cunningham Richard C. Snyder Russell J. Spillman Department of Educational Admini stration ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express gratitude to his advisor, Dr. Vern Cunningham, for his continuing interest, encouragement and advice, and to Dr. Russ Spillman and Dr. Dick Snyder for their assistance and support. These men have been friends as well as mentors. Appreciation is also expressed to all persons interviewed in the study. In every case, time was taken from heavy workloads and generously given to the writer. Thanks are extended to the staff in the Alberta Department of Education, the Calgary and Edmonton Public Libraries and the Libraries of the University of Alberta and the University of Calgary. To Linda Spivak, thanks are extended for the typing of the manuscript. This study was made possible through an Alumni Research Grant from The Ohio State University, the 1978 Flesher Fellowship as esta­ blished by Drs. William R. and Marie A. Flesher, and a doctoral fellowship from The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, to all of whom the writer is very grateful. Finally, to his wife, Karen, and to his children, Sandy, Gordon, and Jim, who shared fully in the dissertation experience, the writer expresses his love and gratitude. VITA August 8, 1940 ........ Born - Calgary, Alberta, Canada 1961 .................. B .A., The University of Alberta 1963-1976.............. Teacher, Assistant Principal, Assistant to the Chief Superintendent, Calgary Board of Education 1964 .................. B.Ed., The University of Calgary 1970 .................. M.Ed., The University of British Columbia 1976-1978.............. Administrative Associate, Office of the Vice President for Personnel Services, The Ohio State University 1978 .................. Acting Associate Superintendent, Continuing Education, Calgary Board of Education FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Educational Administration Studies in Policymaking. Professors Luvern L. Cunningham and Raphael 0. Nystrand iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................... ii VITA .................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ...................................... ix LIST OF F I G U R E S ........................................ X Chapter I. INTRODUCTION .................................... 1 Background ................................... 1 Statement of Purpose ........................ 5 Significance of the Study .................... 8 Limitations of the Study .................... 9 Chapter Organization ........................ 9 II. RELATED LITERATURE .............................. 10 Theoretical Framework ........................ 10 Introduction ............................... 10 The Lasswell Social Process Model ........ 13 V a l u e s ..................................... 14 Components of the Social Process .......... 16 The Lasswell Decision Process Model .... 19 The Lasswell G r i d ........................ 21 Studies of Policy Development ................ 24 Educational Governance and Citizen Involvement. 31 Governance of Early Childhood Education .... 41 III. METHODOLOGY .................................... 52 Introduction ................................. 52 Methodology and Theoretical Framework . 52 Case Study Research.......................... 53 Data Collection............................... 55 Interviews with Key Participants .......... 55 Primary Documents ........................ 60 Data Analysis................................. 60 Limitations of the M e t h o d .................... 62 iv Page IV. HISTORICAL NARRATIVE ............................ 64 Introduction ......... .............. 64 The Alberta Context.......................... 64 The Development of ECS Policy in Alberta . 73 Introduction .............................. 73 The M i d - S i x t i e s .......................... 76 The Late Sixties.......................... 84 The Early S e v e n t i e s ...................... 91 The Eve of ECS, 1972-1973 ................ 108 Alberta's Early Childhood Services, 1973-1974 135 V. ECS POLICYMAKING IN A LASSWELLIAN FRAMEWORK . 151 Introduction: Participants in the Social Process ............................ 151 The Provincial Government .................... 152 Perspectives ............................... 153 Situations................................. 154 Base V a l u e s .............................. 155 Strategies................................. 157 O u t c o m e ................................... 158 E f f e c t s ................................... 158 The Department of Education.................. 159 Perspectives ............................... 159 Situations................................. 160 Base Values .............................. 161 Strategies................................. 162 O u t c o m e ................................... 162 E f f e c t s ................................... 162 Other Government D e p a r t m e n t s................ 163 Perspectives ............................... 163 Situations................................. 164 Base Values ............................... 165 Strategies................................. 166 O u t c o m e ................................... 166 E f f e c t s ................................... 166 The Minister's Advisory Committees ........... 167 Perspectives .............................. 167 Situations................................. 168 Base V a l u e s ............................... 169 Strategies ........... ..... 169 O u t c o m e ................................... 170 E f f e c t s ................................... 170 The Commission on Educational Planning .... 170 Perspectives ............................... 171 Situations............................ .. 172 Base V a l u e s ............................... 172 v Page Strategies................................ 173 O u t c o m e ................................... 173 Effects .......................... 174 The U n i v e r s i t i e s ............................ 174 Perspectives .............................. 175 Situations................................ 175 Base V a l u e s .............................. 176 Strategies................................ 176 O u t c o m e ................................... 177 E f f e c t s ................................... 178 The Alberta Teachers' Association ............ 178 Perspectives.............................. 178 Situations ............................ 179 Base V a l u e s .............................. 180 Strategies................................ 181 O u t c o m e ................................... 181 E f f e c t s ................................... 181 The Alberta School Trustees' Association . 182 Perspectives .............................. 182 Situations................................. 183 Base V a l u e s .............................. 184 Strategies................................. 185 O u t c o m e ................................... 185 E f f e c t s ..................................