Didaskalia is an electronic journal dedicated to the study of all aspects of ancient Greek and Roman performance. DIDASKALIA Volume 13 (2016–2017) http://didaskalia.net ISSN 1321-485 1 DIDASKALIA 13 (2016 – 2017) About Didaskalia Didaskalia (διδασκαλία) is the term used since ancient times to describe the work a playwright did to teach his chorus and actors the play. The official records of the dramatic festivals in Athens were the διδασκαλίαι. Didaskalia now furthers the scholarship of the ancient performance. Didaskalia is an English-language, online publication about the performance of Greek and Roman drama, dance, and music. We publish peer-reviewed scholarship on performance and reviews of the professional activity of artists and scholars who work on ancient drama. We welcome submissions on any aspect of the field. If you would like your work to be reviewed, please write to [email protected] at least three weeks in advance of the performance date. We also seek interviews with practitioners and opinion pieces. For submission guidelines, go to didaskalia.net. 2016–2017 Staff Editor-in-Chief: Amy R. Cohen [email protected] +1 434 947-8117 Didaskalia Randolph College 2500 Rivermont Avenue Lynchburg, VA 24503 USA Associate Editor: C.W. (Toph) Marshall Assistant Editor: Jay Kardan [email protected] Interns: Gabriel Kuhl [email protected] Sophia Dill Advisory Board Caterina Barone Oliver Taplin John Davidson Peter Toohey Gary Decker J. Michael Walton Mark Griffith David Wiles Mary Hart Paul Woodruff Kenneth Reckford Editorial Board Dorota Dutsch Dan McCaffrey Allison Futrell Peter Meineck Mary-Kay Gamel Paul Menzer John Given Tim Moore Mike Lippman Nancy Rabinowitz Fiona Macintosh Brett Rogers Willie Major John Starks Copyright Readers are permitted to save or print any files from Didaskalia as long as there are no alterations made in those files. Copyright remains with the authors, who are entitled to reprint their work elsewhere if due acknowledgement is made to the earlier publication in Didaskalia. Contributors are responsible for getting permission to reproduce any photographs or video they submit and for providing the necessary credits. Website design © Didaskalia. Didaskalia is published at Randolph College. i DIDASKALIA 13 (2016 – 2017) DIDASKALIA VOLUME 13 (2016–2017) TABLE OF CONTENTS 13.01 Review - Apollonius’ Argonautika at Gustavus Adolphus College 1 Eric Dugdale and William Riihiluoma 13.02 Review - Sophocles’ Philoctetes at Aquila Theatre 10 Tony Tambasco 13.03 Review - Trachiniae at Minor Latham Playhouse, New York 14 Claire Catenaccio 13.04 Review - Rhesus at Aristotle's Lyceum 18 Scott Andrew Cally 13.05 Review - 52nd Season of Classical Plays at the Greek Theatre in Syracuse: Sophocles’ 20 Electra, Euripides’ Alcestis Caterina Barone 13.06 Conversation – A Conversation about Deus Ex Machina at the Long Center for Performing 24 Arts, Austin, Texas Liz Fisher, Robert Matney, Paul Woodruff, Lucia Woodruff 13.07 Gamel Panel - Performance, Politics, Pedagogy: a Tribute to Mary-Kay Gamel 31 C.W. Marshall 13.08 Gamel Panel - Raising the Stakes: Mary-Kay Gamel and the Academic Stage 34 Amy R. Cohen 13.09 Gamel Panel - Navigating Tricky Topics: The Benefits of Performance Pedagogy 39 Christopher Bungard 13.10 Gamel Panel - Sophocles after Ferguson: Antigone in St. Louis, 2014 49 Timothy Moore 13.11 Gamel Panel - The Authenticity of Mary-Kay Gamel 69 Ruby Blondell 13.12 Review - Two Tragic Worlds of Soldiers: Not Man Apart Physical Theatre Ensemble’s 74 Ajax in Iraq Yuko Kurahashi 13.13 Imperial Pantomime and Satoshi Miyagi’s Medea 76 William A. Johnson 13.14 Review - Sophocles’ Electra at the Dallas Theater Center 91 Thomas E. Jenkins 13.15 Valedictory from the Editor 93 Amy R. Cohen Note Didaskalia is an online journal. This print representation of Volume 13 is an inadequate approximation of the web publication at didaskalia.net, which includes sound, video, and live hyperlinks. ii DIDASKALIA 13 (2016 – 2017) 1 – PLAY REVIEW Apollonius’ Argonautika translated by Mary Zimmerman Directed by Henry MacCarthy The Anderson Theatre Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota Reviewed by Eric Dugdale and William Riihiluoma Gustavus Adolphus College “What was it like when the world was so young?” ask the actors of the Muse in the opening invocation of Mary Zimmerman’s Argonautika. It is a question that has continued to fascinate Zimmerman and her audiences ever since her dramatic retelling of Homer’s Odyssey first took to the boards at Northwestern University in 1989, where Zimmerman now teaches in the Department of Performance Studies. A 1998 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship (a.k.a. “genius grant”), Zimmerman has become one of the most prominent interpreters of the classical tradition. Her Metamorphoses, premiered by the Lookingglass Theatre in 1998, went on to Figure 12: Jason on the main deck of the Broadway and earned Zimmerman the 2002 Tony Award for Argo. (photo credit throughout article: Terena Wilkens, Gisel Murillo, Bryden Best Director. Zimmerman is the original director of all her Giving) works, and her work with her company helps shape her plays.1 Argonautika, Zimmerman’s most recent classical play (premiered in 2007, also at the Lookingglass Theatre), stages the epic voyage of Jason and his Argonauts. It draws much from the homonymous poems of Apollonius Rhodius (3rd c. BC) and Valerius Flaccus (1st c. AD), in the translations of Figure 1: Hercules, played by Nick Sweetland in the Gustavus production, Peter Green and David Slavitt respectively.2 Hers is a close bests his fellow Argonauts in a rowing relationship with her sources, as she herself observes: “So I competition. don’t set out to change them or quarrel with these texts; I’m more interested in a sort of loving dialogue with them.”3 Zimmerman is the consummate storyteller; she finds the imaginative core of an archetypal story and brings it to life. She strips down Apollonius’ poem, as Valerius did before her, thereby allowing fewer episodes greater room to breathe. (The show still lasts over two and a half hours.) And yet her play remains true to the spirit and style of Apollonius’ poem. At times it exudes epic grandeur and lyrical beauty. Like a number of Zimmerman’s other works (especially The Arabian Nights and Metamorphoses), it has a strong cosmological dimension that invites the imagination to enter into a primeval and elemental world at the dawn of time. The magnitude of this archetypal voyage of discovery is especially conveyed by Athena, who functions as a narrator framing individual episodes, as at the launch of the Argo (“At the Hours’ prompting, the Sun / put on his splendid tiara of shining rays and rose in the sky / to bedazzle the waves on the shore where the Argonauts slept. / From the town and down the mountains, everyone came, people / and creatures of all kinds, to see, at last, the launch ”)4 and again at the arrival at Samothrace (“The sun rose up and sank in the sky, / and then, for the first time since the world began, / a ship from foreign parts pulled up to foreign shores”).5 Like Apollonius and Valerius, Zimmerman writes in a range of registers. We see this variety in the gods, 1 DIDASKALIA 13 (2016 – 2017) 1 – PLAY REVIEW whose machinations and direct interventions aid Jason and his crew at every turn. At times Hera and Athena stand apart, pacing imperiously on the raised platform that serves as the theologeion and doubles as the bridge of the Argo; at times they blend in with the human characters, adopting a seemingly infinite variety of mundane disguises, a kind of shape-shifting perhaps inspired by Zimmerman’s earlier immersion in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The effortlessness of divinity coexists with the frustrations of familial relations, and elevated language rubs shoulders with bathos. Aphrodite, a pampered housewife given to sarcasm, vents to Athena and Hera about her obstreperous son Eros as her cortege combs her hair and fans her. The humor of Apollonius’ portrayal of Aphrodite’s fraught relationship with her teenage son is preserved by Zimmerman. Aphrodite’s opening salvo, “What are you grinning at, you unspeakable little horror?”6 is an amped-up translation of Apollonius’ line (τίπτ᾽ ἐπιμειδιάᾳς, ἄφατον κακόν, 3.129). Perhaps the greatest range is found in Hercules who, like Apollonius’ Heracles, often comes across as a buffoon and a self-absorbed, competitive, irascible windbag. He is a Figure 2: Hercules saves Andromeda, landlubber who gets seasick at the first pitching of the boat. played by Serena Schreifels in the At roll call, when the Argonauts take turns introducing Gustavus production. themselves in a spoken-word version of an epic catalogue of heroes, he is unable to keep the beat or follow suit. Not only is composition-in-performance beyond him, but he also disrupts the team-building exercise, breaking into a fatuous refrain of “I’m Hercules! / Yeah! / I’m Hercules! / Yeah! / Hercules! Hercules! Hercules!”7 He even turns rowing into a competition to see who can row the fastest (Figure 1), as absurd a proposition for team rowing as it would be for orchestral performance.8 And yet his relationship with his beloved Hylas is tender, and his grief at losing him poignant and raw. Apollonius’ poem is a masterpiece of Hellenistic erudition, at once closely intertextual and highly original; the same holds true for Valerius’ work.9 Zimmerman’s Argonautika follows suit, the latest contribution to an iterative process that goes back all the way to Homeric epic. It is a play whose subtleties a classicist can appreciate. For example, in Apollonius’ poem the heroine Atalanta, famous for her athletic prowess, is eager to enlist in the expedition, but is prevented by Jason, who “feared bitter rivalries provoked by love” (Argonautica 1.773).