IPv6 transition Xing Li 2014-01-22 1 IPv4 depletion • APNIC 3rd phase IPv4 allocation policy: one time /22 • IPv4 address trading: $12/per transfer 2 China Internet population 3 CERNET IPv6 transition experience dIVI-PD Double stateless translation Dual-Stack IETF Softwire WG NFSCNET Tunnel Tunnel IPv6 over IPv4 IPv4 over IPv6 Translation CERNET-6Bone IETF softwire WG IVI Bi-direction Stateless Translation IPv6 only IPv4 IETF Behave WG CERNET CERNET2 • 2000 universities • 200 universities • 20M subscribers • 2M subscribers 1994 1998 2000 2004 2005 2007 2011 4 Cost of transition Dual stack IPv4 cost Translation IPv6 The ability of communication with the IPv4 Internet is the killer application of IPv6. 5 RFCs of stateless translation • RFC6052 – IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators, 2010-10 • RFC6144 – Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation, 2011-04 • RFC6145 – IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm, 2011-04 • RFC6219 – The China Education and Research Network (CERNET) IVI Translation Design and Deployment for the IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence and Transition, 2011-05 • RFC6791 – Stateless Source Address Mapping for ICMPv6 Packets, 2012-11 6 Stateless translation (IVI) IPv6 IVI IPv4 A subset of IPv6 addresses Real IPv4 host mirrored IPv6 host mirrored IPv4 host Real IPv6 host A subset of IPv6 addresses 7 CERNET/CNGI-CERNET2 The IPv4 The IPv6 Internet Internet IVI dIVI Stateless translation IPv4 IPv6 8 Drafts of MAP • draft-ietf-softwire-map-t-04 – Mapping of Address and Port using Translation (MAP-T) • draft-ietf-softwire-map-09 – Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP) • draft-ietf-softwire-map-dhcp-06 – DHCPv6 Options for configuration of Softwire Address and Port Mapped Clients • draft-xli-softwire-map-testing-03 – MAP Interoperability Testing Results 9 MAP IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 i IPv6 Tunnel IPv6 Private IPv4 IPv6 IPv6-only 10 Private IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 Private IPv4 IPv6IPv6 Subscribers Providers Internet Stateless 1 000 000s of subscribers 10 000s hostroutes per BNG 100s IGP prefixes 10s BGP prefixes : 10s of MAP Rules and no CGN 11 Stateless IPv4 address sharing IPv6 Delegated Prefix (e.g., /56) Size = 42 bits (provisioned) 56-42 = 14 2001:0DB8:00 /42 01010101 111000 Subnet-ID Interface ID 0 Mapping Domain Prefix 42 “EA Bits” /56 64 (fixed) For this Example… 24 bits (provisioned) 32-24 = 8 6 14-8 = 6 10-6 = 4 26=64 port sets 130.67.1 /24 01010101 + > 0 111000 XXXX per IPv4 Address 0 24 32 0 6 12 16 IPv4 Prefix IPv4 Suffix Port Set ID Ports 0-1023 skipped, + each CPE gets IPv4 Address Port 216/26 -24 = 1008 ports One IPv4 /24 serves 2(6+8) ≈ 16,384 (vs.≈256) subscribers 12 Double translation vs. encapsulation MAP MAP CE Native IPv6 Infrastructure BR Transport Transport IPv4 Transport Transport OR IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 Link Link Link Link MAP-E MAP-T RFC2473 RFC6145 13 Softwire 46 Container DHCPv6 Options 14 MAP testing 15 IETF standard eveloution RFC6052, RFC6145 IVIIVI dIVI MAP MAP-DHCP NAT64 RFC2766 464XLAT RFC6146 dIVI-PD RFC6877 MAP-TMAP-T RFC6346 DS-Lite RFC6333 (14) LW4o6 RFC3056 RFC5969 RFC1933 RFC2529 RFC5214 RFC4380 MAP-E 16 Comparisons 17 2013 EANT 18 Android 4.4 19 OpenStack Summit 2014 20 “IPv6-only” campus IPv6-only subnet IVI DIVI DS subnet IPv6 ÅnativeÆ IPv6 (prefer) IPv4 ÅtranslationÆ IPv6 (90% of the cases) transition IPv4 Ådouble translationÆ (IPv4) (ALG issues) 21 IPv4 ÅencapsulationÆ (IPv4) (corner cases) Windows 7 (IVI) 22 Windows 7 (IVI with plugin) 23 iOS (IVI) 24 Windows 7 (DIVI) 25 iOS (DIVI) 26 Comparisons (DHCP) Total traffic IVI DHCP DIVI DHCPv6 27 New requirements • Internet population – From 20% to 80% • Mobile Internet – iPhone, iPad, PC, etc • Cloud computing –Servers • Internet of things – Everything connected 28 Broadband users DS CE IPv4 IPv6‐only IPv6 server IPv4/IPv6 IPv6 access BR Core network network DS CE IPv4 AAA DHCPv6 IPv6 29 IPv6-only cloud IPv6 Internet IPv6 IDC xlat IPv4 Internet xlat xlat IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 IP4v4 VM VM VM VM 30 Connecting private networks IPv6 xlat xlat xlat Net 1 Net 2 Net 3 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 31 Internet of everything IPv6 IPv6 xlat IPv4 IPv4 users 32 Lessons learned • For existing IPv4 • For new Internet users users and things – Dual stack where you – Translation where you CAN CAN – Tunneling where you – Tunneling where you SHOULD SHOULD – Translation where you – Dual stack where you MUST MUST 33.