DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 BANARAS I)}STRI·CT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts 'at each census. In 1941 they were, published. in U. P. under the tide "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the I9SI census, when the tabulttion has been more elaborate-than ever in view of the require" ments of the country, the district"wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census, Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break"up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non" agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 1901-'02 to 1950"51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to t~e usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division oi the population among eight livelihood classes and other de~ails. 2. It may be added here that ,a separate set of district"wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohaUas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is fourteen. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 1955. RAJESHWARI PRASAD,I.A.S .. RAMPUR: Superintendent} Census Operations} March 31, 1955, Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS INTRODucnON- A -The District i-ii 'B-Analysis of the Statistics ii-i." C -Explanatory Note on the Statistics ix-xi PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Houses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6 - A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 7 E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livel!hood Classes 8-9 'B-ECONOMIC T ABLES- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes Ill-13 B-II Secondary Means of Livelihood 14-23 B-III Employers, Employees and Independent Workers'in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions 24-54 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 55-56 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 57-61 C-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (Size and Composition) 62-63 C-II Li'lelihood Classes by Age-groups 64-69 C-III Age and Civil Condition ... , 70-73 CIV Age and Literacy ... 74-77 C-V Single Year Age Returns 78-85 D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D-I Languages (i) Mother Tongue 86-87 (ii) Bilingualism 88-89 D-II Religion 90-91 D-lll Scheduled Castes ... 90-91 D-IV Migrants 92-95 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 96-97 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 96-97 D-VI Non-Indian Nationals 96-97 O-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 98-103 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THAN,A STATISTICS Primary Census Abstract 106-225 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 226 PART Ill-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Vital Statistics 228-231 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 232-233 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation 234-237 (iii) 'Cropped Area 238-253 (iv) Irrigated Area 254-257 Live-Stock, ~gricu]turaI Machinery and Implements 258-261 2 List of Primary Schools 262-266 A --:7THE DISTRICT 1. .we QlSlirlCli of Banaras is bounded on the west by the Allahabad Distriqt, on the north. 'West and north by J aunpur, on -the north·east and' east by Ghazipur, on the south by Mirzapur .and on the sop.th-east by.. the Stat!;l of Bihar. separated by the Karamnasa river. The district as now constituted after the merger of the former Banaras State, has a total area of 1,965 .square miles and its population' in 1951, was 19·5lakhs. It has 4 tehsill'!, 22 parganas and 25 .thanas. 2. The whole .district, except for tehsil Chakia; forms'. part of the Gangetic plain which Top i)grapby may be divi~ed into two"majn tracts, one being the level upland.plain known as the uparwar and ,the other the tarai, or moist lowlands in the basin of the Ganga. 'fhe main difference between .these two tracts is to be found in the slope and level of the country. Chakia tehsil contains !large areas of hilly jungle and is parJi of the Vindhyan Plateau. The rivers Ganga,)~anganga, Varuna:,.Gomti, ~and, H~phi, Karamnasa, G.ara~ and' Chand­ .1'aprabha mainly form the drainage system of the plains in the district. The most prominen t .physical feature of the district is the river Ganga itself. Its course is "It succession of bold and .almost semi-circular curyes on .the outside of which the bank is us-qally high and p.brupt, while in the inside its place is taken by a ~helving stretch ,?f sand, generally sterile or producing nothing beyond thatchin'g grass, but ocuasionally' covered "with a rich and fertile deposit left behind by the annual floods. The portion of the district to the west of the Ganga ,is well drained, while there is a considerable area in Chandauli to the east which is not directly served by rivers· .North of the Garai river in tnIs tchsil "lies a large stretch of low country with no outlet for ,the surface water with the single exception· of the small stream Lambuia. In ,this tract the 'water collects in large fhils and .swamps, and in y~ars of he!l1YY rainfall a number of villages are inundated. Some portions of tne clay tracts of Banaras tehsil also suffer from defective drainage. '3. In the western half the le'V_el WJ1ntry possesses for the most part a good and fertile_loaPl Soils ..soil of fair consistency, varied on the subordinate water-sheds by a lighter variety known locally .as bhur sawai, while on the Ganga bank and.!1t other ~levated &pOts it degenerates into bhur -or almost pure sand. In the depressions, on the other hand, the soil stiffens into a heavy clay known by the ordinary name of matiyar. This clay in which the sole staple of any importance is rice, is mainly confined to, certain clearly marked tracts which are ,!harac,terised by inadequa~e ·drainage resulting in the formation of numerous laJies and jhils. The chief clay tract are to be found chiefly in the valley of the Nand. There is also a well-defined clay ~and in the cen~re and no).'th of pargana Athganwan .and in the south-eas~ of Kol Aslah. In the Chandauli tehsil, loam is again the predominating soil; but'the proportion of bhur sawai and bhu1' is much less and that -of clay is very much greater than in the western parts of the district. The southern tracts of Dhus .and Majhwar are almost wholly clay and the country here is liable to suffer severely from floods ·from the Garai and other streams. In Narwan the most easterly pargana of the district , the soil is principally karail and this also occurs in the narrow strips along the edge of the Ganga • .It is dark in colour and closely resembles the mat' or black cotton soil of Bundelkhand, contain­ ing mlJch alumina and splitting into cracks and fissures when dry. Mention should also be , made of usar land which are- to be seen here and there throughout the district, especially in the clay tracts of Chandauli. The soil is highly impregnated.with saline matter, frequently making its appearance in the form of reh. The proportion of usa·r is really very small and ther~ is now little land in the district considered too poor for rice cultivation, it is nothing uncommon to .Bee patches of rice growing here and there about an USlf,1' plain, indicating that the tract is in _process of reclamation. 4. The figures of the classification of area during the last fifty 'years are given in Table 2 Classificatiou ,of part III of· this Yolume. The proportion of area under the various categories works out as of area follows for 1950-51 : Actual figures Particulars (in' acres) Percentage Cultivated area 805,297 61'2 Culturahle waSte (excluding curren~ fallow) 124,246 9'5 Current fallow 44,380 3'4 Forest 200,000 15'2 Area not available for cultivation of which- 141,085 10~7 (a) Covered with waterr ... .,.- ..... ~O;l21 4'6 (b) Under sites, roads and buildings 381559 2-9 (cl Barren 42,405 3-2 \. _... ... ... - ~,e-~~~~a~~-tabl&_-I'~ga.r4.ing...Qul~urable~...was.te.....taken ~from' ..seas~n and...Crop_ :Report 1S: -however, ·misleadihg. The Sta'te AgrIculture Department conducted m -1949-50 a ii detailed enquiry through the distriot offioers regarding the nature of this area in eaoh distrkt~ The following analysis of the area resulted from the enquiry: Area Particulars 'in acres) P;:rcentag~ Total, culturable waste (A+B+C) .•. '8,407 100. A-Area under culturable waste land no~ availabl~ for immediate cultivation ... 60,125 61'U) (i) Forest under any legal enactment 21 0'01 (ii) Groves 30,784 31'28 (iii) Forests of timber trees (iv) Thatching grasses, shrubs and bushes 29,070 29'54 (v) Land kept for grazing 250 0'26 B-Area under culturable waste land available for immediate cultivation but 20,264 20'59- which coQld not be 9ultiyated- Of which due to- (i) Kans growth 355 0'3fii (ii) Threshing Hoors 467 0'41" (iii) Malaria ..