MARTIJN KOS1 & MATIJA GOGALA2 1Instituut voor Systematiek en Populatie Biologie (Zoölogisch Museum), Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Ljubljana, Slovenia THE CICADAS OF THE PURANA NEBULILINEA GROUP (HOMOPTERA, CICADIDAE) WITH A NOTE ON THEIR SONGS Kos, M & M. Gogala, 2000. The cicadas of the Purana nebulilinea group (Homoptera, Cica- didae) with a note on their songs. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 143: 1-25, figs. 1-44, tables 1-2 [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 5 July 2000. The Purana nebulilinea group is erected for six species, distributed in Borneo, Sumatra and mainland Southeast Asia. P. nebulilinea and P. pryeri are redescribed. P. pryeri is taken out of the synonymy with P. nebulilinea. Four species are described as new (P. capricornis, P. montana, P. niasica and P. parvituberculata). The song of P. nebulilinea is described and some notes about the ecology and distribution of the group are given. A phylogeny of the group is presented and some remarks are made on the phylogenetic relationships between the species of Purana and the taxo- nomic status of the genus. A key to males and distribution maps for the species are provided. Correspondence: Martijn Kos, Instituut voor Systematiek en Populatie Biologie (Zoölogisch Museum), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Key words. – Purana; nebulilinea group; phylogeny; taxonomy; new species; sound, song, bioa- coustics; Southeast Asia. This paper aims to contribute to the taxonomy and MATERIAL AND METHODS biogeography of Southeast Asian cicadas. It also pro- vides a basis for biodiversity studies in cicadas of The material for this study is deposited in the fol- Southeast Asia, like those executed in Malaysia by lowing collections: Zaidi and co-workers (Zaidi 1996, 1997, Zaidi & BMNH Natural History Museum, London (formerly Hamid 1996, Zaidi & Ruslan 1995). British Museum (Natural History)) Since almost all male cicadas sing, assessment of BPBM Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu biodiversity would be greatly enhanced if identifica- PSS Pusat Sistematik Serangga, Universiti Ke- tion by sound, like is normal for birds, would be pos- bangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor sible also in tropical rainforests and similar habitats RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly despite of high biodiversity. During day-time, obser- Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie) vation of tropical rainforest cicadas in their natural TMB Természettudomány Muzeum, Budapest habitat, the canopy for most species, is very difficult UMS University of Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu and catching them is hardly feasible. Also samples ZMA Instituut voor Systematiek en Populatie collected at light are rather small and thought to be Biologie (Zoölogisch Museum), Amsterdam unrepresentative for the whole cicada fauna at a cer- tain locality. For a quick and easy assessment of cica- The following sources have been consulted for tra- da biodiversity sound would be most suitable but first cing localities: ‘Adolf Stieler’s Hand-Atlas’ (Anony- we should know the song patterns of the different ci- mous, 1872), ‘Andrees allgemeiner Handatlas’ cada species. This paper is the first of a series of (Anonymous, 1906), ‘Nelles road atlas Indonesia’ planned to integrate data from our research groups in (Anonymous, 1992a), ‘Nelles road atlas Southeast the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam and the Priro- Asia excluding Indonesia’ (Anonymous, 1992b), doslovni muzej Slovenije, Ljubljana, concerning cica- ‘The Times atlas of the world’ (Anonymous, 1994), da taxonomy and bioacoustics. ‘Insight Guides: Southeast Asia Wildlife’ (Bernard, 1994), ‘Aardrijkskundig woordenboek van Neder- 1 T E, 143, 2000 landsch Oost-Indië’ (Dumont, 1917), ‘Malaysia, Sin- In the laboratory, DAT recordings were transferred gapore & Brunei - a travel survival kit’ (Finlay & through the digital interface of an AUDIOMEDIA III Turner, 1994), ‘A field guide to the mammals of Bor- card to the Hard Disk of a MACINTOSH POWERPC neo’ (Payne, Francis & Phillipps, 1985) and GEOnet 8500/120, or more recently to a POWER MACINTOSH Names Server of the U.S. Defence Mapping Agency G3/233 computer. Software used for viewing, editing (WWW URL: http://164.214.2.59/gns/html/index.html). and analyzing song signals were DIGIDESIGN PRO- PAUP 3.1.1 was used to perform the cladistic analy- TOOLS 4.0, and CANARY 1.2. Altogether 25 recordings sis to study the relationships between the species of of different individuals were used for analyses. For the P. nebulilinea group. statistic evaluations of data we used the software Among this group of cicadas only song of Purana STATVIEW 4.5. nebulilinea was recorded; the recording and identifi- For description of songs we use the terminology of cation undertaken by M. K. in Bangi, Kuala Lompat Gogala et al. (1996). and Pasoh (November 1996 - March 1997). M. G. recorded similar song in Bangi (May - June 1996), in PHYLOGENY the Temengor forest reserve, Hulu Perak (Belum Ex- pedition March - April 1994) and recently in Taman The genus Purana Distant, 1905 Negara (Kuala Juram, 1999). Some other recordings used in this investigation were made in Bangi also by Purana Distant, 1905 was attributed by Moulton Dr. Tomi Trilar, Ljubljana. (1923) to the subtribe Leptopsaltriaria of the tribe The recordings of songs were made using a TELIN- Dundubiini. This subtribe includes Leptopsaltria Stål, GA STEREO PRO 3 microphone and a TELINGA MONO Maua Distant, Nabalua Moulton, Purana Distant PRO 3 mike in connection with DAT recorders SONY and Tanna Distant, and is characterized by ventral TCD-D3, TCD-D7, TCD-D8 or TCD-D10. tubercles in the male. 1 2 Figs. 1-2. Alternative phylogenies of the Pu- rana nebulilinea group. – Num- bers refer to characters discussed in the text. Squares represent charac- ter state 1. Closed squares repre- sent synapomorphous character states, open squares represent ho- moplasious character states. 2.