TICAD 20th Anniversary Review Supplementary Report February 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Preface The TICAD (Tokyo International Conference on African Development) has been held every five years since 1993 by the Government of Japan and TICAD co-organizers. This conference is a platform that allows the international community to discuss the African Development. The fifth TICAD will be held from June 1 to 3, 2013 in Yokohama which will mark the 20th anniversary of the TICAD. JICA has been conducting a study «TICAD 20th Anniversary Review» in order to review the last 20 years’ progress and also to contribute to the preparation for TICADV and the discussion toward the future of the TICAD process. The study has been carried out by Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting, commissioned by JICA, and received various insightful inputs and strong support from the TICAD co-organizers that are the Government of Japan, the United Nations, the World Bank and the African Union Commission. Furthermore, we received comments from various experts, including Mrs. Sadako Ogata, the former United Nations high commissioner for refugees and now the special advisor to the President of JICA, and Mr. Marc Mallock Brown, the former administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. Active debates have also taken place during the Civil Society workshop held on the 13th and the 14th of November 2012, in Ouagadougou, Burkina-Faso. I would like to thank all those who assisted in various ways in the preparation of the present report. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Government of Japan, TICADV co-organizers and JICA. I hope this report will be widely shared and used as a reference amongst stakeholders, and will contribute to discussions on the ways of supporting Africa in the future. Contents Supplementary Report 1. Positioning of this Study and TICAD’s Background .................................................... 1-1 1-1. Positioning of this Study ....................................................................................... 1-1 1-2. Launch of TICAD and African Development ......................................................... 1-1 1-2-1. Condition of Africa when TICAD was launched ............................................. 1-1 1-2-2. Condition of Africa immediately before TICAD II ........................................... 1-4 1-2-3. Condition of Africa immediately before TICAD III and beyond ...................... 1-5 1-3. Changes during the period of the TICAD process ................................................ 1-7 1-3-1. Co-organizers ................................................................................................. 1-7 1-4. Summary ............................................................................................................... 1-8 2. TICAD Process Review ............................................................................................... 2-1 2-1. Overview and outcome of TICAD I-IV and related meetings ............................... 2-1 2-1-1. TICAD I ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2-1-2. TICAD II .......................................................................................................... 2-2 2-1-3. TICAD Ministerial Meeting ............................................................................. 2-4 2-1-4. TICAD III ......................................................................................................... 2-5 2-1-5. TICAD Asia-Africa Trade and Investment Conference .................................. 2-6 2-1-6. TICAD Conference on the Consolidation of Peace ....................................... 2-8 2-1-7. TICAD IV ........................................................................................................ 2-9 2-1-8. Comparison of major agenda items for TICAD I-IV ..................................... 2-12 2-2. International discussions, meetings and initiatives for African development ..... 2-16 2-2-1. International assistance trends .................................................................... 2-16 2-2-2. Summit Meetings ......................................................................................... 2-20 2-2-3. Other International Forums with Africa ........................................................ 2-23 2-3. Summary ............................................................................................................. 2-34 3. Changes in Conditions in Africa in the Past 20 Years ................................................. 3-1 3-1. Changes in Socioeconomy in African Countries since 1993 ................................ 3-1 3-1-1. Population ...................................................................................................... 3-1 3-1-2. Income and consumption ............................................................................... 3-3 3-1-3. Education ....................................................................................................... 3-5 3-1-4. Health and hygiene ........................................................................................ 3-8 3-1-5. Environment ................................................................................................. 3-14 3-1-6. Poverty ......................................................................................................... 3-14 3-1-7. Other ............................................................................................................ 3-18 3-2. Forecast for African Socioeconomy during the Next 20 Years ........................... 3-22 3-2-1. FASID International Development Research Center’s Outlook for the African Economy .................................................................................................................... 3-22 3-2-2. OECD, Perspectives on Global Development 2010: Shifting Wealth ......... 3-25 3-2-3. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects／UN-HABITAO, The State of African Cities 2010 ............... 3-28 3-2-4. Mo Ibrahim Foundation, African Youth: Fulfilling the Potential .................... 3-29 3-3. Summary ............................................................................................................. 3-31 4. Development assistance for Africa (including North Africa) provided by TICAD Co-organizers since 1993: performance, trends, and achievements ................................. 4-1 4-1. Development assistance from the Japanese government ................................... 4-1 4-1-1. Development assistance for Africa: policies, characteristic trends, and analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4-1-2. Japanese ODA to Africa: performance and trends ...................................... 4-11 4-2. Assistance of Japanese NGOs to Africa ............................................................. 4-20 4-2-1. Trends in the assistance of Japanese NGOs to Africa ................................ 4-20 4-3. Development assistance by the United Nations ................................................. 4-23 4-3-1. African aid strategies of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) .................................................................................................................................... 4-23 4-3-2. United Nations Development Program (UNDP) assistance to Africa; sample of UNDP projects in Africa in partnership with TICAD IV ............................................... 4-28 4-4. Development assistance by the World Bank Group ........................................... 4-32 4-4-1. World Bank’s assistance strategies to Africa ............................................... 4-32 4-4-2. Size of assistance provided by the World Bank to Africa .................................... 4-42 4-5. Development assistance by the emerging donors and NGOs ........................... 4-46 4-5-1. Trends and African strategies of China, South Korea, and India (emerging donors) ....................................................................................................................... 4-46 4-5-2. Trends and African strategies of NGOs (including foundations) ................. 4-52 4-6. Review of Japanese ODA to African region in surveyed countries with its data of TICAD Co-organizers .................................................................................................... 4-60 4-6-1. Review of Japanese ODA to African region in surveyed countries with its data of TICAD Co-organizers ............................................................................................. 4-60 4-7. Summary ........................................................................................................... 4-134 5. The performance, trends, and achievements of private-sector trade and investment assistance in Africa since 1993 (including northern Africa) ................................................. 5-1 5-1. The position of private-sector trade and investment assistance in the TICAD process ............................................................................................................................. 5-1 5-2. Summary of private-sector trade and investment assistance provided by the Japanese government ....................................................................................................