Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch Botanical Garden-Institute botanica pacifica A journal of plant science and conservation Volume 9, No. 1 2020 VLADIVOSTOK 2020 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2020. 9(1): 103–129 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2020.09107 Invasive plants in flora of the Russian Far East: the checklist and comments Yulia K. Vinogradova1, Elena V. Aistova2, Lyubov A. Antonova3, Olga A. Chernyagina4,5, Elena A. Chubar6, Galina F. Darman2, Eli za veta A. Devyatova4, Maria G. Khoreva7, Olga V. Kotenko2, Elena A. Marchuk8, Evgenii G. Nikolin9, Sergey V. Prokopenko10, Tamara A. Rubtsova11, Victor V. Sheiko12, Ekaterina P. Kudryavtseva13 & Pavel. V. Krestov8 Yulia K. Vinogradova1* e­mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Elena V. Aistova2 The paper presents a checklist of the species invading the natural phytocenoses 3 of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia (FEFD) that includes 40.6 % of the Lyubov A. Antonova state territory. It summarizes original data on distribution, habitats and inva sive­ Olga A. Chernyagina4,5 ness status (IS) of 116 alien species belonging to 99 genera of 32 families. Eigh­ Elena A. Chubar6 teen species are only beginning to invade natural cenoses and have IS 3; 76 species Galina F. Darman2 intensively invade natural cenoses and are listed in the group with IS 2. Trans­ 4 former are represented by 22 species with IS 1, of which Ambrosia arte misiifolia, Elizaveta A. Devyatova Bidens frondosa, Solidago canadensis, Impatiens glandulifera and Hordeum juba tum are most Maria G. Khoreva7 widely distributed. A very strong heterogeneity of the soil and cli mate conditions Olga V. Kotenko2 accounts for a considerable disparity in the list of alien species between various Elena A. Marchuk8 territorial districts of the FEFD. Many species that actively co lo nize southern Evgenii G. Nikolin9 districts do not occur in the north, or only individual plants of them are reported. 10 The article is a step towards the preparation of the Black Book of the Russian Sergey V. Prokopenko Far East flora and the basis for making decision on prevention the economic and Tamara A. Rubtsova11 environmental damage of the natural biodiversity of the region. 12 Victor V. Sheiko Keywords: alien species, invasion, Far Eastern Federal District, transformers Ekaterina P. Kudryavtseva13 Pavel V. Krestov8 РЕЗЮМЕ Виноградова Ю.К., Аистова Е.В., Антонова Л.А., Чернягина О.А., Чу- 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, барь Е.А., Дарман Г.Ф., Девятова Е.А., Хорева М.Г., Котенко О.В., Moscow, Russia Мар ­­чук Е.А., Николин Е.Г., Прокопенко С.В., Рубцова Т.А., Шей- 2 Amur branch of the Botanical Garden­ ко В.В., Ккдрявцева Е.П., Крестов П.В. Инвазив ные растения во Institute FEB RAS, Blagoveshchensk, фло ре российского Дальнего Востока: аннотиро ван ный чеклист. Со­ Russia ставлен чек-лист инвазионных видов, вторгающихся в ес тест венные фи­ 3 Institute of Water and Ecology Problems тоценозы Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДВО), ох ватывающего FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russia 40,6 % площади России. Обобщены оригинальные сведе ния о распростра- 4 Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University, не нии, местообитаниях и инвазионном статусе 116 чуже родных видов из 99 Petropavlovsk­Kamchatsky, Russia ро дов и 32 семейств. 18 видов только начинают внедряться в естественные 5 Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute ценозы и имеют инвазионный статус 3; 76 видов активно внедряются в ес- of Geography FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk­ тественные ценозы и отнесены в группу со статусом 2. К видам-трансфор- Kamchatsky, Russia ме рам с инвазионным статусом 1 относятся 22 вида, наиболее широко из 6 Far Eastern Marine Nature Reserve – них расселились Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Solidago canadensis, Impatiens Branch of the National Scientific Center glandulifera и Hordeum jubatum. Сильнейшая неоднородность почвенно-кли­ for Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, матических условий обусловливает значи тельное различие перечней чу­ Russia жеродных видов между разными субъектами ДВО. Многие виды, активно 7 Institute of the Biological Problems of захватывающие южные районы, на севере не встречаются, либо отмечены the North, Magadan, Russia единично. Статья является необходимым эта пом создания "Черной Книги" 8 Botanical Garden­Institute FEB RAS, флоры Дальнего Востока и основой для принятия конкретных действий по Vladivostok, Russia предотвращению и минимизации экономического и экологического ущер­ 9 Institute for Biological Problems of Cryo­ ба от инвазии чужеродных видов. lithozone SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia Ключевые слова: чужеродные виды, инвазия, Дальневосточный Федеральный 10 Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, округ, виды-трансформеры Vladivostok, Russia 11 Institute for Complex Analysis of Regio­ nal Problems FEB RAS, Birobidjan, Russia 12 Sakhalin Branch of Botanical Garden­ Invasive alien plants can be a serious threat for the native species, communities Institute FEB RAS, Yuzhno­Sakhalinsk, and ecosystems in many regions of the world (McGeoch et al. 2010, Lemke et al. Russiaa 2013, TeBeest et al. 2014). Invasive alien species alter ecosystems' functions and 13 Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia cycles (Raizada et al. 2008), reduce natural species diversity through competition, hybridization and side effects (Ellstrand & Schierenbeck 2000, Gaertner et al. * corresponding author 2009), alter the structure of communities and genetic diversity (Plant Invasions 2013). Invasive species rarely cause direct economic damage but they all nega ti vely Manuscript received: 02.08.2019 affect the region's ecology by altering the diversity and structure of com mu nities Review completed: 06.10.2019 Accepted for publication: 03.04.2020 (Vilá et al. 2009). The number and abundance of alien species seems to be closely Published online: 06.04.2019 linked to the considerable increase in the scope and volume of trade and trans port communication, especially during the past 25 years (Levine & D'Anto nio 2003, ©Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS. 2020 103 Vinogradova et al. Ruiz & Carlton 2003, Hulme et al. 2009). That is why early VLA, MAG, SASY). The data for the Republic of Buryatia identification, inventory and intensive elimination of in va- [Bur] and Zabaykalsky Territory [Zab] were previously pub­ sive species are essential, especially in the context of the fast li shed by Ebel et al. (2016). growth of tourism and trade (Monaco & Genovesi 2014). General species distribution in Asian Russia was shown The growing recognition of the negative impact of bio­ according the scheme of floristic districts used by Kharkevich logical invasions on natural biodiversity led to the deve lop­ (1985) and Malyshev (1988) in the regional floras (Fig. 1). ment of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the The species invasiveness status was evaluated based on estab lishment of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the level of ability of invasive species to affect natural ecosy s­ the Environment (SCOPE) on biological invasions. The tems and on the peculiarities of their dissemination (Notov legislation of the European Community lists the prevention, et al. 2011): mi ni mization and mitigation of the negative impact on bio­ diversity of both intentionally and unintentionally intro­ Status 1 (IS 1) – transformers (Richardson et al. 2000), which acti vely invade into the natural and seminatural com­ duced invasive alien species as high­priority tasks (Regula­ munities; change the ecosystems; disrupt succession pro­ tion EU № 1143/2014). Taking inventory of alien species cesses; are dominants, forming single­species dense plant (Hejda et al. 2009, Plant Invasions 2013, Nagendra et al. communities; and force out and (or) obstruct the re pro duc­ tion of native species; 2013, Monaco & Genovesi 2014), which will make it possible to assess the nature of the spread of alien species and pre­ Status 2 (IS 2) – alien species actively spreading and beco ming nau t ra lized within disturbed, seminatural and natural habitats; dict the rate of their spread (Hulme 2003) is recognized as Status 3 (IS 3) – alien species currently spreading and na­ a prio rity. The inventory of alien plant species is a basis for turalizing in disturbed habitats; in the course of fur ther the development of a strategic long­term plan for the con­ naturalization, some of them will apparently be able to ser vation of the region's biodiversity and prevention of the establish themselves in seminatural and natural com mu nities; invasion of other non­native plant pests and diseases. Status 4 (IS 4) – potentially invasive species, which are able In Russia, the lists of the most aggressive alien plant to pro pa gate within places of introduction or behave as spe cies apart from individual articles (Panasenko 2014, invasive species in adjacent regions. Sta ro dubtseva et al. 2014, Abramova 2013, Vinogradova Uncertain status (IS ?) – alien species that have the poten­ et al. 2018) are published as Black Books. This work has tial to invade natural plant communities, but are poorly stu­ died at the present time in a particular region. been completed for Central Russia, Tver Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Siberia and Udmurtia (Vinogradova et The species with an East Asian distribution, which al. 2010, Vinogradova et al. 2011, Mininzon & Trostina were listed as invasive ones in any of the administrative 2014, Ebel et al. 2016, Baranova 2016). For the Russian territories of the FEFD, were not included in the list, as this Far East, the spread of invasive alien species has not process may be also viewed as the expansion of the natural been summarized yet, so the purpose of this study is to ha bitat due to climate change. For example, Euphrasia maxi­ make the list of invasive species invading the natural plant mo wiczii Wettst. is one of such "controversial" species. Be- communities of the region. sides, species with a broad natural habitat, which in some of the re gions are considered native, and in others as inva­ MATERIAL AND METHODS sive taxa. For example, Acetosella vulgaris (Koch) Fourr., Aco­ The territory the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) no gonon weyrichii (F.