Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Under Technical Assistance from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Cavite-Laguna (CALA) East-West National Road Project ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT October 2006 177 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS Table of Contents ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE .................................................. 1-1 1.2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................1-1 1.2.1 Review of Available Studies and Data Regarding the Project................. 1-2 1.2.2 Baseline Data Review and Assessment .................................................1-2 1.3 THE EIA TEAM..................................................................................................1-5 1.4 EIA SCHEDULE ................................................................................................1-6 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 PROJECT LOCATION.......................................................................................2-1 2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.................................................................................2-1 2.3 PROJECT COMPONENT AND KEY FEATURES.............................................. 2-4 2.3.1 Physical Infrastructure Development ......................................................2-4 2.3.2 Resettlement Plan..................................................................................2-5 2.4 PROJECT ACTIVITIES......................................................................................2-7 2.4.1 Pre-Construction ....................................................................................2-7 2.4.2 Construction...........................................................................................2-7 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................2-7 2.4.4 Abandonment Period..............................................................................2-8 2.5 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE CALA PROJECT ................... 2-8 2.5.1 Implementation Arrangement .................................................................2-8 2.5.2 Implementation Scenarios ......................................................................2-8 2.5.3 Implementation Support ....................................................................... 2-10 2.5.4 Road to a Modified BOT....................................................................... 2-10 2.5.5 Terms and Timing of PSP Tender ........................................................ 2-12 2.5.6 Reserving the ROW ............................................................................. 2-14 2.5.7 Next Step for the Project ...................................................................... 2-15 2.6 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND PROJECT COST ................................ 2-15 2.7 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS....................................................... 2-16 2.7.1 Toll Setting for NS-1 - NS-3.................................................................. 2-16 2.7.2 Demand Forecast for Target Roads ..................................................... 2-19 2.7.3 Financial Analysis of the NS Toll Road (NS-1 - NS-3) .......................... 2-22 CHAPTER 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY AREA ....................................................................3-1 3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................3-1 3.2.1 Geology..................................................................................................3-1 3.2.2 Soils .....................................................................................................3-15 3.2.3 Land Use..............................................................................................3-23 3.2.4 Meteorology and Air / Noise Quality ..................................................... 3-27 3.2.5 Hydrology.............................................................................................3-42 3.2.6 River Water Quality .............................................................................. 3-58 3.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT........................................................................ 3-62 3.3.1 Species and Ecosystem ....................................................................... 3-62 179 ES - i Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS 3.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology ............................................................................... 3-66 3.3.3 Aquatic Ecology ................................................................................... 3-69 3.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.............................................................. 3-69 3.4.1 Methodology.........................................................................................3-69 3.4.2 Existing Socioeconomic Conditions in the CALA Area.......................... 3-70 3.4.3 Survey Respondents ............................................................................ 3-78 3.4.4 Population Characteristics.................................................................... 3-80 3.4.5 Population Count and Growth Rate ...................................................... 3-80 3.4.6 Number of Households (HHs) and Average Household Size................ 3-82 3.4.7 Population Density ............................................................................... 3-84 3.4.8 Main Source of Income ........................................................................ 3-86 3.4.9 Sex and Age Composition .................................................................... 3-87 3.4.10 Literacy Rate and Highest Educational Attainment............................... 3-87 3.4.11 Employment Status .............................................................................. 3-88 3.4.12 Household Profile................................................................................. 3-88 3.4.13 Morbidity/Mortality Rates and Health Services ..................................... 3-91 3.4.14 Other Social Services........................................................................... 3-92 3.4.15 Public Participation and Social Acceptability......................................... 3-93 3.4.16 Perception of the Proposed Project ...................................................... 3-99 3.4.17 Social and environmental issues and concerns .................................. 3-105 3.4.18 Issues and concerns during construction............................................ 3-109 3.4.18 Issues and concerns during the maintenance/operation phase .......... 3-110 CHAPTER 4 FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION WITHOUT PROJECT…….. 4-1 CHAPTER 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 GENERAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 5-1 5.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION/ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ..... 5-1 5.2.1 Impacts During Pre-Construction/Construction Phase............................ 5-9 5.2.2 Impacts during the Operation and Maintenance Phase ........................ 5-26 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................6-1 6.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.......................... 6-1 6.3 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (SDP)....................................................6-3 6.3.1 Information, Education and Communication (IEC).................................. 6-3 6.3.2 Land acquisition and resettlement ..........................................................6-4 6.3.3 Employment and livelihood promotion....................................................6-8 6.4 INSTITUTIONAL PLAN......................................................................................6-9 6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM.................................................6-9 6.5.1 Monitoring Plan ......................................................................................6-9 6.5.2 Implementation Monitoring ................................................................... 6-13 6.6 OVERALL EMMP IMPLEMENTATION AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENT.... 6-13 6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL GUARANTEES, COMMITMENTS AND AGREEMENTS 6-14 6.7.1 Environmental Guarantees................................................................... 6-14 6.7.2 Project Commitments, Affirmations and Agreements............................ 6-15 REFERENCES APPENDIX Volume ES - ii 180 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS ACRONYMS ADB - Asian Development Bank BHS - Barangay Health Station BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand BOT - Biold Operate Transfer BRS - Bureau of Research and Standards BSWM - Bureau of Soils and Water Management CAA - Clean Air Act CALA - CAVITE-LAGUNA CDF - Countrywide Development Fund CE CALA Expresway CGC - Complaint and Grievance Committee CL - Cavite-Laguna CLUP - Comprehensive Land Use Plans COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand CPR - Concrete Pavement Maintenance, Restoration DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources DH Daang Hari DIA - Direct Impact Area DO - Dissolved Oxygen DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways ECC - Environmental Compliance Certificate EGF - Environmental Guarantee Fund EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIS - Environmental Impact Statement EMF - Environmental Monitoring Fund EMMP - Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ENRCI - ENR Consultants, Inc. ESA - Environmental Study Area EVF