Research Study No. 2013/02 Baseline Data on Horticultural Crops in Uttarakhand Usha Tuteja Agricultural Economics Research Centre University of Delhi Delhi -110 007 July, 2013 PREFACE The present study sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India aims to collect data on area, production and yield of horticultural crops and compare with the baseline data collected from secondary sources. The study also presents problems encountered by grass root officials in data collection. In order to fulfill these objectives, primary as well as secondary sources of data have been used. Primary data were collected through a field survey of horticultural crops growers in the selected three districts (Dehradun, Haridwar, and Tehri Garhwal) of Uttarakhand. The results of this study reveal (i) area, production and yield of horticultural crops grew at the rate of 3.11, 4.41 and 1.27 per cent per annum in India between 1991-92 and 2011-12, (ii) banana, mango and citrus among fruits, potato, tomato and onion among vegetables, garlic, turmeric and ginger among spices contributed 66, 57 and 53 per cent respectively in total production of these crops in India during 2011-12, (iii) the contribution of Uttarakhand was 0.96 in fruits and 0.7 per cent in vegetables. This contribution is low looking at the potential in the state, (iv) the share of fruits, vegetables, spices and flowers in total production of horticultural crops in Uttarakhand was around 54, 41, 5 and 0.39 per cent during 2010-11, (v) mango, apple and citrus in fruits , potato, vegetable pea and tomato in vegetables contributed more than 50 per cent in total production of fruits and vegetables in the state, (vi) Dehradun, Nainital and Almora are leading districts in production of horticultural crops in the state. the yield of horticultural crops was 5.45 MT./ha which is lower in comparison to all India, (vii) The Horticultural Mission for North-East and Himalayan states is being implemented in Uttarakhand. It addresses entire spectrum from production to consumption. The impact of the Mission is limited on horticulture in the state because important components like seed show poor performance, (viii) respondents in selected villages cultivated mango, litchi, potato, vegetable pea, french bean, ginger, turmeric, marigold and rose in different seasons. The respondents reported good price as the main motivating factor, (ix) a comparison of yield estimates of various horticultural crops obtained through survey data with the secondary data revealed some positive and negative gaps, (x) the main source of horticultural data in Uttarakhand is the Directorate of Horticulture, Uttarakhand which publishes data for 11 fruits, 10 vegetables, 7 spices and some flowers. However, data are not being collected for some important crops of commercial value. The Mobile Horticulture Teams collect data on horticultural crops on the basis of their record and information from farmers, (xi) grass root officials involved in data collection faced variety of problems in data collection due to scattered holdings, difficult terrain and inadequate staff. As a policy measure it is suggested that there is an urgent need of clear cut guidelines from horticulture department regarding data collection. These strictly need to be adhered to while collecting information on horticultural crops. This would reduce location and person specific bias. Furthermore, this would greatly help to make data collection a scientific practice by reducing subjectivity. Infrastructure, easy availability of region specific improved varieties and planting material assume special significance in order to improve the prospects of horticulture in Uttarakhand. We are grateful to Prof. Pami Dua, Chairperson, GB and Prof. Kanchan Chopra, former Chairperson, GB for their constant encouragement to complete this study. We express our thanks to the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for providing support during the course of this study. Thanks are due to the coordinator of the study, Dr. Komol Singha and Dr. P. Thippaiah, Institute of Social and Economic Change, Bangalore for providing the study design, tabulation scheme and useful comments on the draft report. Thanks are due to my colleagues for their contribution during the course of this study, Dr. Subhash Chandra; Research Investigator looked after the primary data collection and management. Mr. Vishnu Shanker Meena was also involved in primary data collection in one of the selected villages. Mr. Krishna Kant, Research Fellow assisted in transfer of primary data. Ms. Shalini Singh, Research Fellow deserves praise for helping in several ways towards completion of this study. Thanks are due to Mr. Sri Chand for carrying out word processing of the report. Author gratefully acknowledges the support of all the staff members of the AER Centre, Delhi University. July, 2013 Usha Tuteja Project Team Project Leader Dr. Usha Tuteja Data Management and Analysis Dr. Subhash Chandra Ms. Shalini Singh Field Survey Team Dr. Subhash Chandra Mr. Vishnu Shanker Meena Mr. Krishna Kant Word Processing Mr. Sri Chand i Contents Chapter No. Title Page No. Introduction Importance of Horticultural Crops Scope for the Study Chapter-1 Review of Literature 1-19 Objectives of the study Research Methodology and Sources of Data Organization of the study Growth and Development of Horticulture in Uttarakhand Introduction Composition of Horticultural Crops Year to Year Percentage Change in Area, Production and Yield of Horticultural Crops Share of Individual Vegetable and Fruit crops in Total Area and Production 20-49 Chapter-2 District-wise Scenario of Area, Production and Yield of Horticultural Crops Area, Production and Yield of Fruits, Vegetables, Spices and Flowers in Selected Districts Schemes for Horticulture Development in Uttarakhand Plan Investment in Horticulture in Uttarakhand Problems and Prospects of Horticulture Development in Uttarakhand Socio Economic Conditions of Horticulture Crops Growers Background of the Respondents and Households Chapter-3 Land Owned by the Respondents 50-63 Year of Starting the Cultivation of Horticultural Crops Motivating Factors in Cultivation of Horticultural Crops Maintenance of Horticulture Crops Rejuvenation of Horticulture Crops Kitchen Garden/Bund/Rooftop Chapter-4 Adoption of Technologies by the Farmers 64-69 Benefits/Extension Received by the Farmers Suggestions by Respondents Prospects of Horticulture Development in Uttarakhand ii Methodology Adopted for Estimation of Horticultural Crops, Non-inclusion of Local Crops and Training Conducted for Horticulture Crops Introduction Chapter-5 70-76 Methodology for Collection of Horticultural Crops related Data in Uttarakhand Local Crops not included in the Data Collection Training Programme for Horticulture Crops Survey Results of Horticultural Crops Area, production and Yield of Horticultural Crops Chapter-6 77-91 Difference in Yield through Field Survey and Estimates of Secondary data for Horticultural Crops Chapter-7 Problems Encountered in Collection of Horticulture Data 92-97 Conclusion and Policy implications Objectives Chapter-8 Research Methodology 98-107 Main Findings of the Study Policy Implications Bibliography 108-109 Appendix 1-4 111-114 iii LIST OF TABLES Table No. Page Description of the Table No. Major Indicators Related to Population and Agriculture in the selected 1.1 18 Districts in Uttarakhand Share of Fruits, Vegetables, Spices and Flowers in total Area, 2.1 21 Production & Yield of Horticultural Crops in Uttarakhand during 2010-11 Year to Year Percentage Change in Area, Production and Yield of 2.2 24 Horticultural Crops in Uttarakhand during 2002-03 to 2010-11 Area, Production and Yield of Horticultural Crops in Uttarakhand during 2.3 27 2010-11 District-wise Area, Production and Yield of Fruits, Vegetables, Spices and 2.4 29 Flowers during 2010-11 District-wise Area, Production and Yield of Horticultural Crops in 2.5 31 Uttarakhand during 2010-11 2.6 Area, Production and Yield of Fruits in Dehradun district during 2010-11 32 Area, Production and Yield of Vegetables in Dehradun district during 2.7 33 2010-11 Year to Year Percentage Change in Area, Production and Yield of 2.8 35 Horticultural Crops in Dehradun during 2002-03 to 2010-11 Area, Production and Yield of Spices in Tehri Garhwal district during 2.9 36 2010-11 Year to Year Percentage Change in Area, Production and Yield of 2.10 38 Horticultural Crops in Tehri Garhwal during 2002-03 to 2010-11 2.11 Area, Production and Yield of Flowers in Haridwar district during 2010-11 39 Year to Year Percentage Change in Area, Production and Yield of 2.12 41 Horticultural Crops in Haridwar during 2002-03 to 2010-11 2.13 Investment on Horticulture related Schemes in Uttarakhand during 2011-12 44 2.14 Achievement of Physical Targets of schemes in Uttarakhand during 2012-13 46 2.15 Expenditure on Horticulture during Five Year Plans in Uttarakhand 48 3.1 Distribution of Respondents by Age Group 51 3.2 Distribution of Respondents by Education Levels 51 iv 3.3 Distribution of Highest Educated Person in the Households 53 3.4 Distribution of Respondents by Caste 53 3.5 Distribution of Respondents by Religion 54 3.6 Distribution of Family Members by Age Group 55 3.7 Distribution of Respondents by Land Size Classification 56 3.8 Land Owned by the Households 57 3.9 Distribution of Leased in and Leased out Land by Terms and Conditions 58 3.10 Distribution of Irrigated Area by Source 59 Year of Starting the Horticultural Crops by